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The Sand Creek Massacre
War of the Rebellion Records - November 1864
War of the Rebellion Records - November 1864
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| 9.11.01 We'll never forget |
November 1864
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 407 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. - UNION.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, COLORADO TERRITORY,
Denver, November 2, 1864.
PROCLAMATION OF THANKS.
TO THE OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE SECOND REGIMENT
OF COLORADO CAV. AND THE FIRST COLORADO BATTERY:
I thank you in behalf of our common country, and especially of your fellow citizens of Colorado Territory, who have heard with pride
and pleasure the report of your gallant and heroic conduct in the late bloody battles with the rebels hosts under Price.
While our citizens mourn the loss of friends fallen, nobly contending for their country's honor, every patriotic heart rejoices that
victory perched upon your banners.
The hopes, the prayers, and the benedictions of those you have left behind you will follow you, and when you return from the field
their gratitude will prove that the defenders of their country shall receive the honor of their countrymen.
JNO. EVANS,
Governor of Colorado Territory.
_______________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 429 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. - UNION.
WASHINGTON, November 4, 1864-12.30 p.m.
Brigadier-General RAWLINS,
Saint Louis, Mo.:
General Curtis has orders to assume command of the troops under General Sanborn, and to pursue Price to Arkansas River, or till
he meets Steele's or Reynolds' forces; then to send all troops to their proper commands. It is important that the troops in pursuit of
Price should not be withdrawn till he is either broken up or driven out of the country.
H. W. HALLECK,
Major-General and Chief of Staff.
__________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 433 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. - UNION.
Major-General HALLECK,
Washington, D. C.:
Price's forces attacked and shelled this place, but retreated at the approach of my command. Colonel Harrison reports his loss as
trifling. Colonel Harrison will join me in pursuit, as you direct. The enemy lost several, including one officer. The enemy had divided,
but seems to aim at a crossing of the Arkansas above Fort Smith.
S. R. CURTIS,
Major-General.
SPECIAL ORDERS,
HDQRS. DIST. OF THE UPPER ARKANSAS, No. 13. Fort Riley, Kans., November 4, 1864.
I. Major E. W. Wynkoop, First Cavalry of Colorado, is hereby relieved from the command of Fort Lyon, Colo. Terr., and is ordered to
report without delay to headquarters District of the Upper Arkansas, for orders.
II. Major Scott J. Anthony, First Cavalry of Colorado, will proceed to Fort Lyon, Colo. Terr., and assume command of that post, and
report in regard to matters as stated in Special Orders, No. 4, paragraph VII, from these headquarters, dated Fort Riley, October 17,
1864.
By order of Major Henning:
A. HELLIWELL,
Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
___________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 908 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
NOVEMBER 5-14, 1864.-Operations in Colorado Territory.
Report of Brigadier General P. Edward Connor, U. S. Army, commanding District of Utah.
DENVER, COLO. TER., November 21, 1864.
GENERAL: I have the honor to report that in pursuance of the determination, of which you were apprised by telegraph, I left Camp
Douglas on the 5th instant and arrived here on the night of the 14th. The winter season has set in unusually early and with great
severity on both sides of the Rocky Mountain range, and heavy storms and deep snows have prevailed during almost the entire
current month. The roads in many places between Fort Bridger and this point are blocked and impassable for loaded trains, and
destitute of forage. In view of these facts, and the additional one that [if] my cavalry could get through at all, the horses would be
useless for active service after arrival in this vicinity, while the men would necessarily suffer much from the intense cold, I have
deemed it prudent to halt at Fort Bridger, Wyo. Ter., the two companies of cavalry which left Camp Douglas on the 6th instant. Since
my arrival here I find the Indian country intersected and cut up by several military districts, the commanders of which appear to be of
opinion that they can spare no troops for a winter campaign against the Indians. Possessing no authority to move any of these
troops, which, in my judgment, could be spared for such purpose, and it being impossible to transport hither my own men, I am
unable to even attempt an expedition against the savages, who, I am credibly informed, are now in winter quarters on the Republican
Fork and the Arkansas River. Any expedition against the Indians which would not probably result in their signal chastisement, would
be productive of harm rather than good, and until suitable arrangements to that end shall have been made, I do not deem it wise or
prudent either to undertake or advise a campaign against them. I hope to be able to transport my two companies of cavalry hither
early in the spring, before the savages break their winter encampments, whence they will not depart until the grass on the plains will
furnish forage for their ponies, and the early immigration tempt them to renewed plunder and outrage.
Page 909 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN COLORADO TERRITORY.
I beg leave, respectfully, to suggest that for the successful prosecution of this undertaking, it is highly important that authority be
granted to call on district commanders for such additional troops as in my opinion can be safely spared from the several posts during
the time necessary to accomplish the purpose named. Without such authority any expedition is likely to prove, if not abortive, at least
ineffectual. With it I entertain the confident opinion that an effective blow can be struck in time to prevent the renewed outrages which
well may be anticipated during the coming summer. In the meantime I deem this an appropriate occasion, respectfully, to offer a few
suggestions relative to the protection of the great overland mail route, and set forth for the information of the department the
opinions with which some experience and much thought and examination have impressed me. Premising that no permanent peace
with the Indian tribes of the plains can reasonably be hoped for until they shall have been severely chastised for past offenses and
made to feel the strong arms of the military power of the Government, I remark that it is equally apparent to the most casual observer
that, unless some other and more effective measures be devised, the great overland mail across the continent may now at least be
considered no longer an experiment but an established fact, and its importance to the country at large need hardly be commented
on, as it cannot indeed be overestimated, if its safety and permanence can be assured. The best and most practicable, if not the
only possible, method of accomplishing this so much to be desired consummation would, in my opinion, be to place at each stage
station between Virginia City, in Nevada, and Kiowa Station, on the Little blue, in Nebraska Territory, a detachment of well mounted
cavalry to accompany each mail coach, with a permanent company or regiment headquarters every 100 or 200 miles. These stations
are located at an average distance of twelve miles, [and] the entire distance to be thus traversed is 1,650 miles, being from the
western line of settlements in Nebraska to the eastern border of the cities of the Pacific slope. Thus stationed, a detachment of five
well armed and mounted soldiers could with ease accompany each coach from station to station, the horses and men being relieved,
provided for, stabled, &c., at each station. The service would be exceedingly light and easy of accomplishment and would afford the
most efficient protection to the mails, treasure, and passengers, ass well against white as against Indian desperadoes. For all
ordinary cases this guard would be ample, but in the event of threatened difficulties along any part of the line a sufficient force could
readily be concentrated at almost any given point. Long experience and careful investigation have convinced me that this, or some
other nearly analogous plan, is the most economical and practicable, as well as effectual, method that can be devised for the perfect
security of the overland mails. The necessary stables for horses and quarters for the men could be erected by the soldiers
themselves at a very trifling cost to the Government. These stations between the points named number 130, requiring for the actual
patrol proposed but 1,300 men. Two regiments of cavalry therefore would be amply sufficient to accomplish the entire work, affording
absolute security to the mails and, incidentally, to the immigration, while in point of economy they would require a far less expenditure
of money on the part of Government than is now entailed by the system of garrisoned posts at remote distances from each other.
The importance of such security to the overland route in the opening up of a certain, speedy, and safe mode of shipment of
Page 910 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
treasure from the western to the eastern borders of the continent must be as apparent to the department as it can be to me. In time
of profound peace it would furnish the people a most wholesome check against exorbitant rates of freight and insurance by sea, but
in case of war with any maritime power it would be not merely invaluable but essential to the entire country.
I have the honor to remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. EDW. CONNOR,
Brigadier-General, U. S. Army, Commanding Dist. of Utah.
Major General H. W. HALLECK,
Chief of Staff, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.
___________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 912 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
NOVEMBER 6-16, 1864.-Affairs at Fort Lyon, Colo. Ter.
Reports of Major Scott J. Anthony, First Colorado Cavalry.
HEADQUARTERS FORT LYON, COLO. TER.,
November 6, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor to report that I arrived at this post and assumed command November 2, in obedience to Special Orders,
Numbers 4, headquarters District, October 17 1864. Major E. W. Wynkoop, First Cavalry of Colorado, was in command of the post;
113 lodges of Arapahoe Indians, under their chiefs Little Raven, left-hand, Nervah, Storms, and Knock-knee, and numbering in men,
women, and children 652 persons, were encamped in a body about two miles from the post, and were daily visiting the post and
receiving supplies form the commissary department, the supplies being issued by Lieutenant C. M. Cossitt, acting commissary of
subsistence, under orders from Major E. W. Wynkoop, commanding post. I immediately gave instructions to arrest all Indians coming
within the post until I could learn something more about them. Went down and met their head chiefs half-way between the post and
their camp, and demanded of them by what authority and for what purpose they were encamped here. They replied that they had
always been on peaceable terms with the whites, had never desired any other than peace, and could not be induced to fight. That
other tribes were at war, and therefore they had come into the vicinity of a post in order to show that they desired peace, and to be
where the traveling public would not be frightened by them, or the Indians be harmed by travelers or soldiers on the road. I informed
them that I could not permit any boyd of armed men to camp in the vicinity of the post, nor Indians to visit the post except as
prisoners of war. they replied that they had but very few arms and but few horses, but were here to accept any terms that I proposed.
I then told them that I should demand their arms and all stock they had in their possession which had ever belonged to white men.
They at once accepted these terms. I then proceeded with a company of cavalry to the vicinity of their camp, leaving my men
secreted, and crossed to their camp; received their arms from them and sent out men to look through their herd for United States or
citizens' stock, and to take all stock except Indian ponies. Found ten mules and four horses, which have been turned over to the
acting assistant quartermaster.
Page 913 Chapter LIII. AFFAIRS AT FORT LYON COLO. TER.
Their arms are in very poor condition and but few, with little ammunition. Their horses far below the average grade of Indians'
horses. In fact, these that are here could make but a feeble fight if they desired war. I have permitted them to remain encamped near
the post unarmed as prisoner until your wishes can be heard in the matter. In the interval, if I can learn that any of their warriors have
been engaged in any depredations that have been committed, will arrest them and place all such in close confinement. I cam of the
opinion that the warriors of the Arapahoes who have been engaged in war are all now on the Smoky Hill or with the Sioux Indians,
and have all the serviceable arms and horses belonging to the tribe, while these here are too poor to fight, even though they desired
war. Nine Cheyenne Indians sent in to-day wishing to see me. They state that 600 of that tribe are now thirty-five miles north of here
coming toward the post, and 2,000 about seventy-five miles away waiting for better weather to enable them to come in. I shall not
permit them to come in, even as prisoners, for the reason that if I do shall have to subsist them upon a prisoner's ration. I shall,
however, demand their arms, all stolen stock, and the perpetrators of all depredations; am of the opinion that they will not accept this
proposition, but that they will return to the Smoky Hill. They pretend that they want peace, and I think they do now, a they cannot fight
during the winter, except where a small band of them can find an unprotected train or frontier settlement. I do not think it is policy to
make peace with them now until all perpetrators of depredations are surrendered up, to be dealt with as we may propose. The force
effective for the field at the post is only about 100 and one company (K, New Mexico Volunteers) sent here by order of General
Carlton, commanding department of New Mexico; were sent with orders to remain sixty days, and then report back to Fort Union.
Their sixty days will expire on the 10th November instant. Shall I keep them here for a longer period or permit them to return? The
Kiowas and Comanches, who have all the stock stolen upon the Arkansas routes, are reported south of the Arkansas River and
toward the Red River. The Cheyennes are between here and the Smoky Hill. Part of the Arapahoes are near this post, the remainder
north of the Platte. With the bands divided in this way one thousand cavalry could now overtake them and punish some of them
severely, I think; but with the force here it can only be made available to protect the post. I shall not permit the Cheyennes to camp
here, but will permit the Arapahoes now here to remain in their present camp as prisoners until your action is had in the matter.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Major First Cavalry of Colorado, Commanding Post.
ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL,
District of Upper Arkansas, Fort Riley, Kans.
[Indorsement.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, November 22, 1864.
Respectfully forwarded for the information of the general commanding, respectfully asking for instruction in regard to the Arapahoe
Indians, kept and fed as prisoners at Fort Lyon.
Major Anthony has been instructed to carry out General Field Orders, Numbers 2, July 31, 1864, fully until further instructions from
department
58 R R-VOL XLI, PT I
Page 914 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
headquarters. I would also state that I lave learned, unofficially, that on Saturday, the 12th instant, 2 white men were killed and 5
wagons destroyed near Fort Larned by a party of Indians numbering about thirty. Have written to commanding officer at Fort Larned
in reference to it, and instructed him to report all cases of Indian depredations that may come to his knowledge.
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
HEADQUARTERS,
Fort Lyon, Colo. Ter., November 16, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor to report that since my last report on the 7th [6th] instant the Cheyenne Indians, numbering about 200, under
their head chief, Black Kettle, have sent into the post a request to meet me for a council. I met them and had a talk. They profess
friendship for the whites, and say they never desired war, and do not now. They were very desirous of visiting the post and coming in
with their whole band. I would not permit this, but told them they might camp on Sound Creek, twenty-five miles northeast of the post,
until the pleasure of the commanding officer of the district could be learned. They appear to want peace, and want some one
authorized to make a permanent settlement of all troubles with them to meet them and agree upon terms. I told them that I was not
authorized as yet to say that any permanent peace could be established, but that no war would be waged against them until your
pleasure was heard. I am satisfied that all of the Arapahoes and Cheyennes who have visited this post desire peace, yet many of
their men of these bands are now on the Smoky Hill and Platte, having in their possession a large amount of stole stock. I have been
trying to let the Indians that I have talked with think that I have no desire for trouble with them, but that I could not agree upon a
permanent peace until I was authorized by you, thus keeping matters quiet for the present, and until troops enough are sent out to
enforce any demand we may choose to make. It would be easy for us here to fight the few Indian warriors that have come into the
post, but as soon as we assume a hostile attitude the travel upon the road will be cut off, and the settlements above and upon the
different streams will be completely broken up, as we are not strong enough to follow them and fight them upon their own ground.
Some of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians can be made useful to us. Some have already given us valuable information, and one
Cheyenne (One Eye) has engaged to visit the Sioux camp and inform us of their movements and intentions. The Arapahoe Indians
that I found here upon my arrival are perfectly harmless while here, but I do not consider it policy for them to remain here. Shall talk
with them again, and I think will send them between this and the Sioux camp, where they can kill game to subsist upon. Neither of
these tribes are satisfied with me for not permitting them to visit the post, and cannot understand why I will not make peace with them.
My intention, however, is to let matters remain dormant until troops can be sent out to take the field against all the tribes. Will write
more particulars by next mail.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Major First Cavalry of Colorado, Commanding Post.
Lieutenant A. HELLIWELL,
Actg. Asst. Adjt. General, District of Upper Arkansas.
Page 915 Chapter LIII. SCOUT TO SEARCY AND CLINTON, ARK.
[Indorsement.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., December 7, 1864.
Respectfully forwarded to Major C. S. Charlot, assistant adjutant-general, Department of Kansas, for the information of the general
commanding, with a copy of letter of instructions from these headquarters to Major Anthony in regard to the Cheyennes mentioned
herein.
It is presumed that Major Anthony has received these instructions by this time, and will act upon them.
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
[Inclosure.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, November 5, 1864.
Major SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Fort Lyon, Colo. Ter.:
MAJOR:
* * * *
Field Orders, Numbers 2, dated July 31, is still in force, and the general expects that it will be carried out faithfully.
* * * *
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
______________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 567 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.-UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 14, 1864.
Honorable E. M. STANTON,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.:
SIR: I have the honor to inform you that this post is the headquarters of the District of Upper Arkansas, embracing the territory from
Page 568 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
this post to a line west of Fort Lyon, a distance of over 400 miles, and through which the great Santa Fe road passes. The posts are
separated from one another by long distances, some as far as 240 miles, and communication difficult, as the whole line is occupied
by hostile Indians. Our usual mode of communication is by the mail which passes once a week each way, and for which we furnish a
suitable escort. The mail from the west reaches Junction City, a small town west three miles from this post, usually on Thursday night,
and is kept there until Sunday morning, and sometimes later, and no reason given for the delay. As all official communications reach
headquarters through the mail, the delay frequently does injury to the service. I would also respectfully state that the mail
communication between this post and Fort Leavenworth, department headquarters, is very irregular and uncertain. Almost every
week the mail will not arrive for two days, and sometimes we receive no mail for three or four days at a time. In fact, there seems to
be no system or regularity in regard to mail matters in this part of the State, and no one can inform you in regard to the reason of
these irregularities. I respectfully ask that the matter may be referred to the Post-Office Department for correction.
Respectfully forwarded through headquarters Department of Kansas.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 919 Chapter LIII. SKIRMISH NEAR FORT LARNED, KANS.
HEADQUARTERS,
Fort Zarah, Kans., November 15, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor to communicate for your information that on the night of the 13th instant, just after dark, an attack was made by
a party of Indians, supposed to be about thirty in number, upon a train of five wagons loaded with corn for Fort Larned while in camp
at Ash Creek, twelve miles this side of that post. One man belonging to the train is believed to be mortally wounded; the others four
in number, made their escape with the loss of their stock. This information was communicated to me by Captain Jacobs, in command
of the post at Fort Larned, on the afternoon of the 14th, and I immediately dispatched a scouting party up Walnut Creek in the
direction it was said the Indians had taken. This scout proceeded thirty miles or more up the creek, but saw no signs of Indians. The
opinion prevails among men experienced in Indian character and habits that this party was composed
Page 920 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
principally of Pawnees, from the fact that their plundering excursions are always made on foot, and as they were all dismounted and
neglected to scalp the wounded man, who lay directly in their path, it would seem to confirm the opinion entertained that they were
Pawnees and their object plunder.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THEO. CONKEY,
Captain, Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding Post.
Lieutenant J. E. TAPPAN,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
[Indorsement.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 26, 1864.
Respectfully forwarded to department headquarters for the information of the general commanding.
The supposition of Captain Conkey in regard to Indians being Pawnees may not be correct, as since then Captain Booth and
Lieutenant Helliwell were attacked in same vicinity by mounted Indians, as per report previously forwarded.
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
__________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 621 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.-UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF THE UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 19, 1864.
Major C. S. CHARLOT,
Assistant Adjutant-General, Dept. of Kansas, Fort Leavenworth:
MAJOR: For the information of the general commanding I have the honor to forward an extract, taken from the Junction City Union,
and which expresses fully the sentiment of the people on the western border. I also very respectfully state that it expresses fully my
opinion on same subject, and I earnestly hope that the general commanding will see fit to take advantage of the present favorable
opportunity to inaugurate a thorough campaign against the hostile Indians, and especially against the Kiowas, as in my opinion no
permanent peace can ever be established until that tribe is made to feel the power of the Government. As the matter now stands,
there is no doubt but that all the plain indians believe that they have been successful in the war, and that nay peace made now will
be made under that impression and will be violated as soon as it is to their advantage to do so. It is the opinion of every one
conversant with the Indians habits that the winter and spring is the proper time to make a successful campaign against them, as at
that time their ponies and horses are in poor condition, nor are they prepared to move with that rapidity otherwise that renders them
so hard to succeed against. With 2,000 additional troops in a campaign of three months, from the middle of January to the middle of
April, the whole Indian combination could be broken up and the tribes scattered, and the miserable, treacherous Kiowas annihilated,
which I most earnestly recommend.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
Page 622 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
[Inclosure.]
SHALL WE HAVE PEACE WITH THE INDIANS.
We learn that the Cheyenne and Arrapahoe Indians are now at Fort Lyon negotiating for peace and re-enacting the disgraceful
scenes which took place at Ford Larned a year ago. For six months these savages have reveled in blood, and rioted over the
bleeding and mutilated remains of their victims; the scalps of men, women, and children make hideous their wigwams, and they exult
in the full tide of their unparalleled success in atrocities. In the main they have gained the advantage over our troops in every
engagement throughout the campaign, and by successful strategy have dismounted hundreds of our cavalry, thereby paralyzing our
movements against them. They have plundered immense trains of valuable stores; have driven off thousands of cattle, mules, and
horses; destroyed hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of property, and retarded the immense commerce of the plains, causing
incalculable loss to the country, and now, flushed with victory, glorifying in success, riding horses which they have stolen from
soldiers, pointing with pride to the scalps at their belts, enjoying the fruits of their spoils, and, speaking contemptuously of the efforts
of the white man to subdue them, they came to Fort Lyon and insolently demand peace; demand peace and rations. Shall they have
it now? We say no! And we believe we echo the sentiment of the people of Western Kansas who have suffered most at their hands.
A peace with these savages at this time is an illusion. It is only made by them to be broken in the spring. Unable to live on their own
resources during the winter, they seek to patch up a peace which will enable them to lie at our forts where they can draw rations and
trade for powder and ball with which to murder our citizens another season. Make peace with them,and they will be ready in the
spring for another round of butchery and desolation, and they will enact it. We can only have a lasting and permanent peace with
these red devils after we have completely whipped them and taught them the power of the Government. Then will we have peace
and quiet upon our border, and not before. Let them smoke ever so many pipes of peace at Fort Lyon this fall, we protest against
peace.
____________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 650 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 22, 1864.
COMMANDING OFFICER,
Fort Larned, Kans.:
SIR: Information having reached these headquarters through unofficial sources of an attack made by Indians upon a corn train near
your post, the major commanding directs that you furnish these headquarters with all the information that you possess of the affair;
what steps you have taken to punish the perpetrators and your success. He also wishes in all similar instances to receive the first
information of any movements of the Indians in this district, and this information should come from his officers and not from citizens. It
is not necessary to use special messengers, except on extraordinary occasions. The coach and the mail afford ample facilities for
communicating with the headquarters of your district, and you should not allow a single mail to pass by without communicating to
headquarters any events of interest or that may prove beneficial to the interest of the service.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. E. TAPPAN,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
_____________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 671 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.-UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF KANSAS, Fort Leavenworth, November 24, 1864.
His Excellency Governor J. EVANS:
GOVERNOR: In view of Indian difficulties and a winter campaign against the trespassers, I desire that you will urge at headquarters,
first, an increase of force equal to at least
2,000 cavalry for service on the plains, 1,000 for the Platte and 1,000 for the upper Arkansas route; second, 2,000 light carbines,
7-shooters, if possible; third, 4,000 Colts revolvers; fourth, 2,000 rubber blankets, extra size and quality. For extra clothing and fresh
horses, I will try to hurry the quartermaster, but you may also do good by seeing the chief quartermaster of the cavalry bureau on
this subject. It would also be advantageous to extend the telegraph line west from Lawrence to Riley, if not to Larned. The great
overland lines are also the lines of settlement, and they are there-
Page 672 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
force the proper base lines for operating against Indians, because our reserve on these lines connect with the emigration, and
troops and emigrants are natural supports. Knowing, Governor, your earnest zeal and your connection with both the Interior and War
Departments, I hope your efforts will be useful in preserving harmonious action between soldiers and agents till the hostile Indians
are fully subdued or exterminated.
I have the honor to be, Governor, your very obedient servant,
S. R. CURTIS,
Major-General.
IN THE FIELD, Boonville, Arkansas River, November 24, 1864.
Major General S. R. CURTIS:
Indians attacked two trains below Fort Lyon. Killed 4 men, drove off twenty head of stock. Will clean them out, if possible, in a few
days.
J. M. CHIVINGTON,
Colonel.
_______________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 934 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
NOVEMBER 20, 1864.-Skirmish with Indians near Fort Zarah, Kans.
Report of Major Benjamin S. Henning, Third Wisconsin Cavalry.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 25, 1864.
MAJOR: For the information of the general commanding I have the honor to inform you that on Sunday, the 20th instant, Captain
henry Booth, district inspector, and Lieutenant A. Helliwell, acting ordnance officer, were attacked by Indians about five miles west of
Fort Zarah and both severely wounded. Captain Booth was shot in the back, the arrow striking the shoulder blade and bending, and
though the arm below the elbow. Lieutenant Helliwell was hit four times, twice in the head, once in the right arm, and once in the
back. the wounds were severe, but not considered dangerous. The circumstances of the attack are these: The officers are on an
inspecting tour, and having finished inspecting at Fort Zarah were furnished with an escort to proceed to Fort Larned. As the officers
expected to travel faster than the escort, they permitted the escort to precede them about two hours. About five miles from Fort
Zarah, and before they had overtaken the escort, twenty-five or thirty Indians appeared and attacked them. The officers immediately
turned for Fort Zarah and had a running fight with the Indians for a distance of nearly two miles and succeeded in escaping without
further injury. They think they killed some of the Indians, but it is impossible to tell for certain. A force from Fort Zarah immediately
started in pursuit and had not returned at last date.
Very respectful, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
Major C. S. CHARLOT,
Asst. Adjt. General, Department of Kansas, Fort Leavenworth.
______________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 708 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
HEADQUARTERS, Fort Lyon, Colo. Terr., November 28, 1864.
Lieutenant A. HELLIWELL,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Fort Riley, Kans.:
SIR: I have the honor to report that Colonel John M. Chivington, First Cavalry of Colorado, arrived at this post this day with 1,000
men of the Third Regiment Colorado Cavalry (100-day's men) and two howitzers, on expedition against Indians. This number of men
has been required for some time, and is appreciated by me now,as I believe the Indians will be properly punished - what they have
for some time deserved. I go out with 125 men and two howitzers to join his command. I have not yet made my proper reports for this
month. Have been waiting before making a through inspection to see casually the wants of the post, and now, just as I was preparing
to ascertain what was really desired by each company and the post, am called away too early to make a regular monthly inspection
and report.
Hoping that this excuse will be deemed sufficient by the major commanding district.
I remain, sir, with much respect, your obedient servant,
SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Major First Cavalry of Colorado, Commanding Post.
Page 709 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE,ETC.- UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF KANSAS, Fort Leavenworth, November 28, 1864.
Brigadier General J. H. CARLETON,
Commanding Department of New Mexico:
GENERAL: I am in receipt of yours of the 22nd ultimo, inclosing your Order No. 32, designed to co-operate with movement of
General Blunt I suppose long before this reaches you intelligence may have arrived informing you that General Blunt was attracted
north, and soon after a short move against Indians on the head of Smoky Hill was ordered east to assist me in repelling an invasion
by General Price. I shall be anxious to hear the result of your movement, which could have been successful if General Blunt had
known in time and moved, as your letter suggests, south from the mouth of Walnut to Palo Duro. The Arapahoes and Cheyennes
have come into Lyon begging for peace, turning over prisoners, horses, &c., for that purpose. The hardest kind of terms are
demanded by me and conceded by some of these Indians. They insist on peace or absolute sacrifice, as I choose. Of course, they
will have to be received, but there still remains some of these tribes and all the Kiowas to attend to, and I have proposed a winter
campaign for their benefit. This, if successful, must be secret and well arranged beforehand. I have written the War Department, and
Governor Evans, of Colorado, has gone to Washington to urge my plans, Among other things, I urge the extension of telegraphic
liens in the direction of your country. It seems to me absolutely necessary that we should have such facilities. You see in the instance
of your move toward Palo Duro how convenient and important it would have been to Colonel Carson and General Blunt. I hope you
will unite your influence in this matter. However this matter may be, I shall press war measures, only making terms with such Indians
as actually come in and make the most absolute surrender, submission, and restitution.
Hoping that you will continue to co-operate as you have begun, I shall be glad to hear from you frequently, and remain, very truly,
your obedient servant,
S. R. CURTIS,
Major-General.
_____________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 407 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. - UNION.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, COLORADO TERRITORY,
Denver, November 2, 1864.
PROCLAMATION OF THANKS.
TO THE OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE SECOND REGIMENT
OF COLORADO CAV. AND THE FIRST COLORADO BATTERY:
I thank you in behalf of our common country, and especially of your fellow citizens of Colorado Territory, who have heard with pride
and pleasure the report of your gallant and heroic conduct in the late bloody battles with the rebels hosts under Price.
While our citizens mourn the loss of friends fallen, nobly contending for their country's honor, every patriotic heart rejoices that
victory perched upon your banners.
The hopes, the prayers, and the benedictions of those you have left behind you will follow you, and when you return from the field
their gratitude will prove that the defenders of their country shall receive the honor of their countrymen.
JNO. EVANS,
Governor of Colorado Territory.
_______________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 429 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. - UNION.
WASHINGTON, November 4, 1864-12.30 p.m.
Brigadier-General RAWLINS,
Saint Louis, Mo.:
General Curtis has orders to assume command of the troops under General Sanborn, and to pursue Price to Arkansas River, or till
he meets Steele's or Reynolds' forces; then to send all troops to their proper commands. It is important that the troops in pursuit of
Price should not be withdrawn till he is either broken up or driven out of the country.
H. W. HALLECK,
Major-General and Chief of Staff.
__________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 433 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. - UNION.
Major-General HALLECK,
Washington, D. C.:
Price's forces attacked and shelled this place, but retreated at the approach of my command. Colonel Harrison reports his loss as
trifling. Colonel Harrison will join me in pursuit, as you direct. The enemy lost several, including one officer. The enemy had divided,
but seems to aim at a crossing of the Arkansas above Fort Smith.
S. R. CURTIS,
Major-General.
SPECIAL ORDERS,
HDQRS. DIST. OF THE UPPER ARKANSAS, No. 13. Fort Riley, Kans., November 4, 1864.
I. Major E. W. Wynkoop, First Cavalry of Colorado, is hereby relieved from the command of Fort Lyon, Colo. Terr., and is ordered to
report without delay to headquarters District of the Upper Arkansas, for orders.
II. Major Scott J. Anthony, First Cavalry of Colorado, will proceed to Fort Lyon, Colo. Terr., and assume command of that post, and
report in regard to matters as stated in Special Orders, No. 4, paragraph VII, from these headquarters, dated Fort Riley, October 17,
1864.
By order of Major Henning:
A. HELLIWELL,
Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
___________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 908 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
NOVEMBER 5-14, 1864.-Operations in Colorado Territory.
Report of Brigadier General P. Edward Connor, U. S. Army, commanding District of Utah.
DENVER, COLO. TER., November 21, 1864.
GENERAL: I have the honor to report that in pursuance of the determination, of which you were apprised by telegraph, I left Camp
Douglas on the 5th instant and arrived here on the night of the 14th. The winter season has set in unusually early and with great
severity on both sides of the Rocky Mountain range, and heavy storms and deep snows have prevailed during almost the entire
current month. The roads in many places between Fort Bridger and this point are blocked and impassable for loaded trains, and
destitute of forage. In view of these facts, and the additional one that [if] my cavalry could get through at all, the horses would be
useless for active service after arrival in this vicinity, while the men would necessarily suffer much from the intense cold, I have
deemed it prudent to halt at Fort Bridger, Wyo. Ter., the two companies of cavalry which left Camp Douglas on the 6th instant. Since
my arrival here I find the Indian country intersected and cut up by several military districts, the commanders of which appear to be of
opinion that they can spare no troops for a winter campaign against the Indians. Possessing no authority to move any of these
troops, which, in my judgment, could be spared for such purpose, and it being impossible to transport hither my own men, I am
unable to even attempt an expedition against the savages, who, I am credibly informed, are now in winter quarters on the Republican
Fork and the Arkansas River. Any expedition against the Indians which would not probably result in their signal chastisement, would
be productive of harm rather than good, and until suitable arrangements to that end shall have been made, I do not deem it wise or
prudent either to undertake or advise a campaign against them. I hope to be able to transport my two companies of cavalry hither
early in the spring, before the savages break their winter encampments, whence they will not depart until the grass on the plains will
furnish forage for their ponies, and the early immigration tempt them to renewed plunder and outrage.
Page 909 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN COLORADO TERRITORY.
I beg leave, respectfully, to suggest that for the successful prosecution of this undertaking, it is highly important that authority be
granted to call on district commanders for such additional troops as in my opinion can be safely spared from the several posts during
the time necessary to accomplish the purpose named. Without such authority any expedition is likely to prove, if not abortive, at least
ineffectual. With it I entertain the confident opinion that an effective blow can be struck in time to prevent the renewed outrages which
well may be anticipated during the coming summer. In the meantime I deem this an appropriate occasion, respectfully, to offer a few
suggestions relative to the protection of the great overland mail route, and set forth for the information of the department the
opinions with which some experience and much thought and examination have impressed me. Premising that no permanent peace
with the Indian tribes of the plains can reasonably be hoped for until they shall have been severely chastised for past offenses and
made to feel the strong arms of the military power of the Government, I remark that it is equally apparent to the most casual observer
that, unless some other and more effective measures be devised, the great overland mail across the continent may now at least be
considered no longer an experiment but an established fact, and its importance to the country at large need hardly be commented
on, as it cannot indeed be overestimated, if its safety and permanence can be assured. The best and most practicable, if not the
only possible, method of accomplishing this so much to be desired consummation would, in my opinion, be to place at each stage
station between Virginia City, in Nevada, and Kiowa Station, on the Little blue, in Nebraska Territory, a detachment of well mounted
cavalry to accompany each mail coach, with a permanent company or regiment headquarters every 100 or 200 miles. These stations
are located at an average distance of twelve miles, [and] the entire distance to be thus traversed is 1,650 miles, being from the
western line of settlements in Nebraska to the eastern border of the cities of the Pacific slope. Thus stationed, a detachment of five
well armed and mounted soldiers could with ease accompany each coach from station to station, the horses and men being relieved,
provided for, stabled, &c., at each station. The service would be exceedingly light and easy of accomplishment and would afford the
most efficient protection to the mails, treasure, and passengers, ass well against white as against Indian desperadoes. For all
ordinary cases this guard would be ample, but in the event of threatened difficulties along any part of the line a sufficient force could
readily be concentrated at almost any given point. Long experience and careful investigation have convinced me that this, or some
other nearly analogous plan, is the most economical and practicable, as well as effectual, method that can be devised for the perfect
security of the overland mails. The necessary stables for horses and quarters for the men could be erected by the soldiers
themselves at a very trifling cost to the Government. These stations between the points named number 130, requiring for the actual
patrol proposed but 1,300 men. Two regiments of cavalry therefore would be amply sufficient to accomplish the entire work, affording
absolute security to the mails and, incidentally, to the immigration, while in point of economy they would require a far less expenditure
of money on the part of Government than is now entailed by the system of garrisoned posts at remote distances from each other.
The importance of such security to the overland route in the opening up of a certain, speedy, and safe mode of shipment of
Page 910 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
treasure from the western to the eastern borders of the continent must be as apparent to the department as it can be to me. In time
of profound peace it would furnish the people a most wholesome check against exorbitant rates of freight and insurance by sea, but
in case of war with any maritime power it would be not merely invaluable but essential to the entire country.
I have the honor to remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. EDW. CONNOR,
Brigadier-General, U. S. Army, Commanding Dist. of Utah.
Major General H. W. HALLECK,
Chief of Staff, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.
___________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 912 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
NOVEMBER 6-16, 1864.-Affairs at Fort Lyon, Colo. Ter.
Reports of Major Scott J. Anthony, First Colorado Cavalry.
HEADQUARTERS FORT LYON, COLO. TER.,
November 6, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor to report that I arrived at this post and assumed command November 2, in obedience to Special Orders,
Numbers 4, headquarters District, October 17 1864. Major E. W. Wynkoop, First Cavalry of Colorado, was in command of the post;
113 lodges of Arapahoe Indians, under their chiefs Little Raven, left-hand, Nervah, Storms, and Knock-knee, and numbering in men,
women, and children 652 persons, were encamped in a body about two miles from the post, and were daily visiting the post and
receiving supplies form the commissary department, the supplies being issued by Lieutenant C. M. Cossitt, acting commissary of
subsistence, under orders from Major E. W. Wynkoop, commanding post. I immediately gave instructions to arrest all Indians coming
within the post until I could learn something more about them. Went down and met their head chiefs half-way between the post and
their camp, and demanded of them by what authority and for what purpose they were encamped here. They replied that they had
always been on peaceable terms with the whites, had never desired any other than peace, and could not be induced to fight. That
other tribes were at war, and therefore they had come into the vicinity of a post in order to show that they desired peace, and to be
where the traveling public would not be frightened by them, or the Indians be harmed by travelers or soldiers on the road. I informed
them that I could not permit any boyd of armed men to camp in the vicinity of the post, nor Indians to visit the post except as
prisoners of war. they replied that they had but very few arms and but few horses, but were here to accept any terms that I proposed.
I then told them that I should demand their arms and all stock they had in their possession which had ever belonged to white men.
They at once accepted these terms. I then proceeded with a company of cavalry to the vicinity of their camp, leaving my men
secreted, and crossed to their camp; received their arms from them and sent out men to look through their herd for United States or
citizens' stock, and to take all stock except Indian ponies. Found ten mules and four horses, which have been turned over to the
acting assistant quartermaster.
Page 913 Chapter LIII. AFFAIRS AT FORT LYON COLO. TER.
Their arms are in very poor condition and but few, with little ammunition. Their horses far below the average grade of Indians'
horses. In fact, these that are here could make but a feeble fight if they desired war. I have permitted them to remain encamped near
the post unarmed as prisoner until your wishes can be heard in the matter. In the interval, if I can learn that any of their warriors have
been engaged in any depredations that have been committed, will arrest them and place all such in close confinement. I cam of the
opinion that the warriors of the Arapahoes who have been engaged in war are all now on the Smoky Hill or with the Sioux Indians,
and have all the serviceable arms and horses belonging to the tribe, while these here are too poor to fight, even though they desired
war. Nine Cheyenne Indians sent in to-day wishing to see me. They state that 600 of that tribe are now thirty-five miles north of here
coming toward the post, and 2,000 about seventy-five miles away waiting for better weather to enable them to come in. I shall not
permit them to come in, even as prisoners, for the reason that if I do shall have to subsist them upon a prisoner's ration. I shall,
however, demand their arms, all stolen stock, and the perpetrators of all depredations; am of the opinion that they will not accept this
proposition, but that they will return to the Smoky Hill. They pretend that they want peace, and I think they do now, a they cannot fight
during the winter, except where a small band of them can find an unprotected train or frontier settlement. I do not think it is policy to
make peace with them now until all perpetrators of depredations are surrendered up, to be dealt with as we may propose. The force
effective for the field at the post is only about 100 and one company (K, New Mexico Volunteers) sent here by order of General
Carlton, commanding department of New Mexico; were sent with orders to remain sixty days, and then report back to Fort Union.
Their sixty days will expire on the 10th November instant. Shall I keep them here for a longer period or permit them to return? The
Kiowas and Comanches, who have all the stock stolen upon the Arkansas routes, are reported south of the Arkansas River and
toward the Red River. The Cheyennes are between here and the Smoky Hill. Part of the Arapahoes are near this post, the remainder
north of the Platte. With the bands divided in this way one thousand cavalry could now overtake them and punish some of them
severely, I think; but with the force here it can only be made available to protect the post. I shall not permit the Cheyennes to camp
here, but will permit the Arapahoes now here to remain in their present camp as prisoners until your action is had in the matter.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Major First Cavalry of Colorado, Commanding Post.
ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL,
District of Upper Arkansas, Fort Riley, Kans.
[Indorsement.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, November 22, 1864.
Respectfully forwarded for the information of the general commanding, respectfully asking for instruction in regard to the Arapahoe
Indians, kept and fed as prisoners at Fort Lyon.
Major Anthony has been instructed to carry out General Field Orders, Numbers 2, July 31, 1864, fully until further instructions from
department
58 R R-VOL XLI, PT I
Page 914 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
headquarters. I would also state that I lave learned, unofficially, that on Saturday, the 12th instant, 2 white men were killed and 5
wagons destroyed near Fort Larned by a party of Indians numbering about thirty. Have written to commanding officer at Fort Larned
in reference to it, and instructed him to report all cases of Indian depredations that may come to his knowledge.
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
HEADQUARTERS,
Fort Lyon, Colo. Ter., November 16, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor to report that since my last report on the 7th [6th] instant the Cheyenne Indians, numbering about 200, under
their head chief, Black Kettle, have sent into the post a request to meet me for a council. I met them and had a talk. They profess
friendship for the whites, and say they never desired war, and do not now. They were very desirous of visiting the post and coming in
with their whole band. I would not permit this, but told them they might camp on Sound Creek, twenty-five miles northeast of the post,
until the pleasure of the commanding officer of the district could be learned. They appear to want peace, and want some one
authorized to make a permanent settlement of all troubles with them to meet them and agree upon terms. I told them that I was not
authorized as yet to say that any permanent peace could be established, but that no war would be waged against them until your
pleasure was heard. I am satisfied that all of the Arapahoes and Cheyennes who have visited this post desire peace, yet many of
their men of these bands are now on the Smoky Hill and Platte, having in their possession a large amount of stole stock. I have been
trying to let the Indians that I have talked with think that I have no desire for trouble with them, but that I could not agree upon a
permanent peace until I was authorized by you, thus keeping matters quiet for the present, and until troops enough are sent out to
enforce any demand we may choose to make. It would be easy for us here to fight the few Indian warriors that have come into the
post, but as soon as we assume a hostile attitude the travel upon the road will be cut off, and the settlements above and upon the
different streams will be completely broken up, as we are not strong enough to follow them and fight them upon their own ground.
Some of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians can be made useful to us. Some have already given us valuable information, and one
Cheyenne (One Eye) has engaged to visit the Sioux camp and inform us of their movements and intentions. The Arapahoe Indians
that I found here upon my arrival are perfectly harmless while here, but I do not consider it policy for them to remain here. Shall talk
with them again, and I think will send them between this and the Sioux camp, where they can kill game to subsist upon. Neither of
these tribes are satisfied with me for not permitting them to visit the post, and cannot understand why I will not make peace with them.
My intention, however, is to let matters remain dormant until troops can be sent out to take the field against all the tribes. Will write
more particulars by next mail.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Major First Cavalry of Colorado, Commanding Post.
Lieutenant A. HELLIWELL,
Actg. Asst. Adjt. General, District of Upper Arkansas.
Page 915 Chapter LIII. SCOUT TO SEARCY AND CLINTON, ARK.
[Indorsement.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., December 7, 1864.
Respectfully forwarded to Major C. S. Charlot, assistant adjutant-general, Department of Kansas, for the information of the general
commanding, with a copy of letter of instructions from these headquarters to Major Anthony in regard to the Cheyennes mentioned
herein.
It is presumed that Major Anthony has received these instructions by this time, and will act upon them.
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
[Inclosure.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, November 5, 1864.
Major SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Fort Lyon, Colo. Ter.:
MAJOR:
* * * *
Field Orders, Numbers 2, dated July 31, is still in force, and the general expects that it will be carried out faithfully.
* * * *
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
______________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 567 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.-UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 14, 1864.
Honorable E. M. STANTON,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.:
SIR: I have the honor to inform you that this post is the headquarters of the District of Upper Arkansas, embracing the territory from
Page 568 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
this post to a line west of Fort Lyon, a distance of over 400 miles, and through which the great Santa Fe road passes. The posts are
separated from one another by long distances, some as far as 240 miles, and communication difficult, as the whole line is occupied
by hostile Indians. Our usual mode of communication is by the mail which passes once a week each way, and for which we furnish a
suitable escort. The mail from the west reaches Junction City, a small town west three miles from this post, usually on Thursday night,
and is kept there until Sunday morning, and sometimes later, and no reason given for the delay. As all official communications reach
headquarters through the mail, the delay frequently does injury to the service. I would also respectfully state that the mail
communication between this post and Fort Leavenworth, department headquarters, is very irregular and uncertain. Almost every
week the mail will not arrive for two days, and sometimes we receive no mail for three or four days at a time. In fact, there seems to
be no system or regularity in regard to mail matters in this part of the State, and no one can inform you in regard to the reason of
these irregularities. I respectfully ask that the matter may be referred to the Post-Office Department for correction.
Respectfully forwarded through headquarters Department of Kansas.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 919 Chapter LIII. SKIRMISH NEAR FORT LARNED, KANS.
HEADQUARTERS,
Fort Zarah, Kans., November 15, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor to communicate for your information that on the night of the 13th instant, just after dark, an attack was made by
a party of Indians, supposed to be about thirty in number, upon a train of five wagons loaded with corn for Fort Larned while in camp
at Ash Creek, twelve miles this side of that post. One man belonging to the train is believed to be mortally wounded; the others four
in number, made their escape with the loss of their stock. This information was communicated to me by Captain Jacobs, in command
of the post at Fort Larned, on the afternoon of the 14th, and I immediately dispatched a scouting party up Walnut Creek in the
direction it was said the Indians had taken. This scout proceeded thirty miles or more up the creek, but saw no signs of Indians. The
opinion prevails among men experienced in Indian character and habits that this party was composed
Page 920 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
principally of Pawnees, from the fact that their plundering excursions are always made on foot, and as they were all dismounted and
neglected to scalp the wounded man, who lay directly in their path, it would seem to confirm the opinion entertained that they were
Pawnees and their object plunder.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THEO. CONKEY,
Captain, Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding Post.
Lieutenant J. E. TAPPAN,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
[Indorsement.]
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 26, 1864.
Respectfully forwarded to department headquarters for the information of the general commanding.
The supposition of Captain Conkey in regard to Indians being Pawnees may not be correct, as since then Captain Booth and
Lieutenant Helliwell were attacked in same vicinity by mounted Indians, as per report previously forwarded.
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
__________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 621 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.-UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF THE UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 19, 1864.
Major C. S. CHARLOT,
Assistant Adjutant-General, Dept. of Kansas, Fort Leavenworth:
MAJOR: For the information of the general commanding I have the honor to forward an extract, taken from the Junction City Union,
and which expresses fully the sentiment of the people on the western border. I also very respectfully state that it expresses fully my
opinion on same subject, and I earnestly hope that the general commanding will see fit to take advantage of the present favorable
opportunity to inaugurate a thorough campaign against the hostile Indians, and especially against the Kiowas, as in my opinion no
permanent peace can ever be established until that tribe is made to feel the power of the Government. As the matter now stands,
there is no doubt but that all the plain indians believe that they have been successful in the war, and that nay peace made now will
be made under that impression and will be violated as soon as it is to their advantage to do so. It is the opinion of every one
conversant with the Indians habits that the winter and spring is the proper time to make a successful campaign against them, as at
that time their ponies and horses are in poor condition, nor are they prepared to move with that rapidity otherwise that renders them
so hard to succeed against. With 2,000 additional troops in a campaign of three months, from the middle of January to the middle of
April, the whole Indian combination could be broken up and the tribes scattered, and the miserable, treacherous Kiowas annihilated,
which I most earnestly recommend.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
Page 622 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
[Inclosure.]
SHALL WE HAVE PEACE WITH THE INDIANS.
We learn that the Cheyenne and Arrapahoe Indians are now at Fort Lyon negotiating for peace and re-enacting the disgraceful
scenes which took place at Ford Larned a year ago. For six months these savages have reveled in blood, and rioted over the
bleeding and mutilated remains of their victims; the scalps of men, women, and children make hideous their wigwams, and they exult
in the full tide of their unparalleled success in atrocities. In the main they have gained the advantage over our troops in every
engagement throughout the campaign, and by successful strategy have dismounted hundreds of our cavalry, thereby paralyzing our
movements against them. They have plundered immense trains of valuable stores; have driven off thousands of cattle, mules, and
horses; destroyed hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of property, and retarded the immense commerce of the plains, causing
incalculable loss to the country, and now, flushed with victory, glorifying in success, riding horses which they have stolen from
soldiers, pointing with pride to the scalps at their belts, enjoying the fruits of their spoils, and, speaking contemptuously of the efforts
of the white man to subdue them, they came to Fort Lyon and insolently demand peace; demand peace and rations. Shall they have
it now? We say no! And we believe we echo the sentiment of the people of Western Kansas who have suffered most at their hands.
A peace with these savages at this time is an illusion. It is only made by them to be broken in the spring. Unable to live on their own
resources during the winter, they seek to patch up a peace which will enable them to lie at our forts where they can draw rations and
trade for powder and ball with which to murder our citizens another season. Make peace with them,and they will be ready in the
spring for another round of butchery and desolation, and they will enact it. We can only have a lasting and permanent peace with
these red devils after we have completely whipped them and taught them the power of the Government. Then will we have peace
and quiet upon our border, and not before. Let them smoke ever so many pipes of peace at Fort Lyon this fall, we protest against
peace.
____________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 650 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 22, 1864.
COMMANDING OFFICER,
Fort Larned, Kans.:
SIR: Information having reached these headquarters through unofficial sources of an attack made by Indians upon a corn train near
your post, the major commanding directs that you furnish these headquarters with all the information that you possess of the affair;
what steps you have taken to punish the perpetrators and your success. He also wishes in all similar instances to receive the first
information of any movements of the Indians in this district, and this information should come from his officers and not from citizens. It
is not necessary to use special messengers, except on extraordinary occasions. The coach and the mail afford ample facilities for
communicating with the headquarters of your district, and you should not allow a single mail to pass by without communicating to
headquarters any events of interest or that may prove beneficial to the interest of the service.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. E. TAPPAN,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
_____________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 671 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.-UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF KANSAS, Fort Leavenworth, November 24, 1864.
His Excellency Governor J. EVANS:
GOVERNOR: In view of Indian difficulties and a winter campaign against the trespassers, I desire that you will urge at headquarters,
first, an increase of force equal to at least
2,000 cavalry for service on the plains, 1,000 for the Platte and 1,000 for the upper Arkansas route; second, 2,000 light carbines,
7-shooters, if possible; third, 4,000 Colts revolvers; fourth, 2,000 rubber blankets, extra size and quality. For extra clothing and fresh
horses, I will try to hurry the quartermaster, but you may also do good by seeing the chief quartermaster of the cavalry bureau on
this subject. It would also be advantageous to extend the telegraph line west from Lawrence to Riley, if not to Larned. The great
overland lines are also the lines of settlement, and they are there-
Page 672 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
force the proper base lines for operating against Indians, because our reserve on these lines connect with the emigration, and
troops and emigrants are natural supports. Knowing, Governor, your earnest zeal and your connection with both the Interior and War
Departments, I hope your efforts will be useful in preserving harmonious action between soldiers and agents till the hostile Indians
are fully subdued or exterminated.
I have the honor to be, Governor, your very obedient servant,
S. R. CURTIS,
Major-General.
IN THE FIELD, Boonville, Arkansas River, November 24, 1864.
Major General S. R. CURTIS:
Indians attacked two trains below Fort Lyon. Killed 4 men, drove off twenty head of stock. Will clean them out, if possible, in a few
days.
J. M. CHIVINGTON,
Colonel.
_______________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 934 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
NOVEMBER 20, 1864.-Skirmish with Indians near Fort Zarah, Kans.
Report of Major Benjamin S. Henning, Third Wisconsin Cavalry.
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF UPPER ARKANSAS,
Fort Riley, Kans., November 25, 1864.
MAJOR: For the information of the general commanding I have the honor to inform you that on Sunday, the 20th instant, Captain
henry Booth, district inspector, and Lieutenant A. Helliwell, acting ordnance officer, were attacked by Indians about five miles west of
Fort Zarah and both severely wounded. Captain Booth was shot in the back, the arrow striking the shoulder blade and bending, and
though the arm below the elbow. Lieutenant Helliwell was hit four times, twice in the head, once in the right arm, and once in the
back. the wounds were severe, but not considered dangerous. The circumstances of the attack are these: The officers are on an
inspecting tour, and having finished inspecting at Fort Zarah were furnished with an escort to proceed to Fort Larned. As the officers
expected to travel faster than the escort, they permitted the escort to precede them about two hours. About five miles from Fort
Zarah, and before they had overtaken the escort, twenty-five or thirty Indians appeared and attacked them. The officers immediately
turned for Fort Zarah and had a running fight with the Indians for a distance of nearly two miles and succeeded in escaping without
further injury. They think they killed some of the Indians, but it is impossible to tell for certain. A force from Fort Zarah immediately
started in pursuit and had not returned at last date.
Very respectful, your obedient servant,
B. S. HENNING,
Major Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Commanding District.
Major C. S. CHARLOT,
Asst. Adjt. General, Department of Kansas, Fort Leavenworth.
______________________
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part IV
Page 708 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
HEADQUARTERS, Fort Lyon, Colo. Terr., November 28, 1864.
Lieutenant A. HELLIWELL,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Fort Riley, Kans.:
SIR: I have the honor to report that Colonel John M. Chivington, First Cavalry of Colorado, arrived at this post this day with 1,000
men of the Third Regiment Colorado Cavalry (100-day's men) and two howitzers, on expedition against Indians. This number of men
has been required for some time, and is appreciated by me now,as I believe the Indians will be properly punished - what they have
for some time deserved. I go out with 125 men and two howitzers to join his command. I have not yet made my proper reports for this
month. Have been waiting before making a through inspection to see casually the wants of the post, and now, just as I was preparing
to ascertain what was really desired by each company and the post, am called away too early to make a regular monthly inspection
and report.
Hoping that this excuse will be deemed sufficient by the major commanding district.
I remain, sir, with much respect, your obedient servant,
SCOTT J. ANTHONY,
Major First Cavalry of Colorado, Commanding Post.
Page 709 Chapter LIII. CORRESPONDENCE,ETC.- UNION.
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF KANSAS, Fort Leavenworth, November 28, 1864.
Brigadier General J. H. CARLETON,
Commanding Department of New Mexico:
GENERAL: I am in receipt of yours of the 22nd ultimo, inclosing your Order No. 32, designed to co-operate with movement of
General Blunt I suppose long before this reaches you intelligence may have arrived informing you that General Blunt was attracted
north, and soon after a short move against Indians on the head of Smoky Hill was ordered east to assist me in repelling an invasion
by General Price. I shall be anxious to hear the result of your movement, which could have been successful if General Blunt had
known in time and moved, as your letter suggests, south from the mouth of Walnut to Palo Duro. The Arapahoes and Cheyennes
have come into Lyon begging for peace, turning over prisoners, horses, &c., for that purpose. The hardest kind of terms are
demanded by me and conceded by some of these Indians. They insist on peace or absolute sacrifice, as I choose. Of course, they
will have to be received, but there still remains some of these tribes and all the Kiowas to attend to, and I have proposed a winter
campaign for their benefit. This, if successful, must be secret and well arranged beforehand. I have written the War Department, and
Governor Evans, of Colorado, has gone to Washington to urge my plans, Among other things, I urge the extension of telegraphic
liens in the direction of your country. It seems to me absolutely necessary that we should have such facilities. You see in the instance
of your move toward Palo Duro how convenient and important it would have been to Colonel Carson and General Blunt. I hope you
will unite your influence in this matter. However this matter may be, I shall press war measures, only making terms with such Indians
as actually come in and make the most absolute surrender, submission, and restitution.
Hoping that you will continue to co-operate as you have begun, I shall be glad to hear from you frequently, and remain, very truly,
your obedient servant,
S. R. CURTIS,
Major-General.
_____________________
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