The Sand Creek Massacre - War of the Rebellion Records
Operations Against Indians in Nebraska and Colorado, 1864
Series 1, Volume: XLI, Part I
Page 824 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
SEPTEMBER 29-NOVEMBER 30, 1864.-Operations against Indians in Nebraska and Colorado.
SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS.
September 29, 1864.-Affair near Plum Creek, Nebr.
October 7, 1864.-Skirmish on Elk Creek, Nebr.
12, 1864.-Attack on Overland Stage at Freeman's Ranch, near Plum Creek, Nebr.
13, 1864.-Skirmish near Mullahla's Station, Nebr.
20, 1864.-Attack on settlements in the Platte Valley, near Alkali Station, Nebr.
21, 1864.-Skirmish at Alkali Station, Nebr.
22, 1864.-Skirmish near Midway Station, Nebr.
28, 1864.-Skirmish near Midway Station, Nebr.
Nov. 6, 1864.-Skirmish at Sand Hills Stage Station, Nebr.
19, 1864.-Skirmish near Plum Creek Station, Nebr.
25, 1864.-Affair near Plum Creek Station, Nebr.
26, 1864.-Affair near Plum Creek Station, Nebr.Skirmish at Spring Creek, Nebr.
REPORTS.
Numbers 1.-Colonel Robert Livingston, First Nebraska Cavalry, commanding Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska.
Numbers 2.-Captain Thomas J. Majors, First Nebraska Cavalry.
HEADQUARTERS EASTERN SUB-DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA,
Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., November 1, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor respectfully to submit the following report of military operations in this sub-district since I assumed command on the 29th September last, in obedience to Special Field Orders, Numbers 2, dated at Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., September 29, 1864:
On the 26th day of September I arrived at this post with the command, which moved from here with me on the 28th August, 1864, under orders of Major General S. R. Curtis, after marching 800 miles in search of hostile Indians along the waters of the republican and Solomon Rivers. On the 29th September, 1864, I was ordered to assume command of the Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska, comprising a territory of 400 miles of country from the Missouri River to and including Julesburg, Colo. Ter., through which he several roads from Leavenworth, Atchison, Nebraska City, Plattsmouth, and Omaha, converging at and a little east of this post, continue west, forming the Great Overland Mail Route to Salt Lake, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, and California. The troops placed at my disposal consisted of one battalion Seventh Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, one battalion Nebraska Veteran Cavalry, the veteran portion of my own regiment, and four companies of Nebraska militia, together with thirteen pieces of artillery, giving an aggregate of 971 men and thirteen pieces of artillery. After consulting with Brigadier General R. B. Mitchell, commanding District of Nebraska, it was decided to station these troops as follows:
At Columbus, on Loup Fork of platte River distant eighty-seven miles west of Omaha City, Nebr. Ter., Company E, Seventh Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, Captain J. B. David, commanding, numbering eighty-nine men present.
At Junction City, on north side of Platte River and in the valley of the same, distant forty-two miles east of this post, Captain Isaac Wiles' company, First Regiment Nebraska Militia (four-months' men), numbering forty-six men present.
At Little Blue Station, on Little Blue River and on the road from atchison and Leavenworth, distant eighty miles southeast from this post, Captain A. J. White's company, Nebraska militia, numbering fifty-nine men present.
At Pawnee Ranch, on same road and distant fifty-four miles southeast from this post, Captain T. B. Stevenson's company, Nebraska militia, numbering fifty-five men present.
At Fort Kearny (headquarters Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska), distant 200 miles from Missouri River in due west course and on the south side of Platte River, Captain Lee P. Gillette, Company A, First Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, and four companies First Regiment Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, numbering 112 men present and four pieces artillery.
Page 825 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
Numbers 3.-Captain William W. Ivory, First Nebraska Cavalry.
Numbers 4.-Captain John R. Porter, First Nebraska Militia Infantry.Numbers
5.-Captain Thomas B. Stevenson, First Nebraska Militia Infantry.
Numbers 6.-Captain Lee P. Gillette, First Nebraska Cavalry.
Numbers 7.-Lieutenant Charles Thompson, First Nebraska Cavalry, Acting Assistant Quartermaster.
Numbers 1. Reports of Colonel Robert R. Livington, First Nebraska Cavalry, commanding Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska.
HEADQUARTERS EASTERN SUB-DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA,
Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., November 1, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor respectfully to submit the following report of military operations in this sub-district since I assumed command on the 29th September last, in obedience to Special Field Orders, Numbers 2, dated at Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., September 29, 1864:
On the 26th day of September I arrived at this post with the command, which moved from here with me on the 28th August, 1864, under orders of Major General S. R. Curtis, after marching 800 miles in search of hostile Indians along the waters of the republican and Solomon Rivers. On the 29th September, 1864, I was ordered to assume command of the Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska, comprising a territory of 400 miles of country from the Missouri River to and including Julesburg, Colo. Ter., through which he several roads from Leavenworth, Atchison, Nebraska City, Plattsmouth, and Omaha, converging at and a little east of this post, continue west, forming the Great Overland Mail Route to Salt Lake, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, and California. The troops placed at my disposal consisted of one battalion Seventh Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, one battalion Nebraska Veteran Cavalry, the veteran portion of my own regiment, and four companies of Nebraska militia, together with thirteen pieces of artillery, giving an aggregate of 971 men and thirteen pieces of artillery. After consulting with Brigadier General R. B. Mitchell, commanding District of Nebraska, it was decided to station these troops as follows:
At Columbus, on Loup Fork of platte River distant eighty-seven miles west of Omaha City, Nebr. Ter., Company E, Seventh Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, Captain J. B. David, commanding, numbering eighty-nine men present.
At Junction City, on north side of Platte River and in the valley of the same, distant forty-two miles east of this post, Captain Isaac Wiles' company, First Regiment Nebraska Militia (four-months' men), numbering forty-six men present.
At Little Blue Station, on Little Blue River and on the road from atchison and Leavenworth, distant eighty miles southeast from this post, Captain A. J. White's company, Nebraska militia, numbering fifty-nine men present.
At Pawnee Ranch, on same road and distant fifty-four miles southeast from this post, Captain T. B. Stevenson's company, Nebraska militia, numbering fifty-five men present.
At Fort Kearny (headquarters Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska), distant 200 miles from Missouri River in due west course and on the south side of Platte River, Captain Lee P. Gillette, Company A, First Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, and four companies First Regiment Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, numbering 112 men present and four pieces artillery.
Page 826 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
At Plum Creek, Nebr. Ter., thirty-five miles west of this post, Captain T. J. Majors, Company C, First Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, and three companies First Regiment Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, numbering 105 men present and one piece artillery.
At Mullahla's Station, distant fifteen miles west from Plum Creek, Captain H. H. Ribble's company (I), First Regiment Cavalry, Nebraska Veteran Volunteers, numbering twenty-three men present.
At Midway Station, distant fifteen miles west from Mullahla's Station, Captain John R. Porter's company, Nebraska militia, numbering forty-nine men present.
At Gillman's Station, distant fifteen miles west from Midway Station, Captain Charles F. Porter's company (A), Battalion Nebraska Veteran Cavalry, numbering forty men present.
At Fort Cottonwood, Nebr. Ter., distant fifteen miles from Gillman's Station, Colonel S. W. Summers, Seventh Iowa Cavalry, commanding, one company Seventh Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, one company Battalion Nebraska Veteran Cavalry, and six pieces of artillery, numbering 100 men present.
At O'Fallon's Bluffs, Nebr. Ter., distant thirty-five miles west from Cottonwood, Captain John Wilcox's, Seventh Iowa Cavalry, numbering seventy-nine men present.
At Alkali Station, Nebr. Ter., distant thirty-five miles west from O'Fallon's Bluffs, Captain E. B. Murphy's company, Seventh Iowa Cavalry, numbering seventy-three men present.
At Beauvais Station, distant twenty-five miles west from Alkali Station, Second Lieutenant Merrill S. Tuttle, Company A, Battalion Nebraska Cavalry, numbering twenty-five men present.
At Julesburg, Colo. Ter., distant twenty-five miles west from Beauvais Station, Captain N. J. O'Brien's company, Seventh Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, and two pieces artillery, numbering sixty-seven men present.
The posts of Fort Kearny and Fort Cottonwood being the only military posts heretofore existing on this long line of communication between the Missouri River and the States and Territories west of it previous to this time, the supplies at these posts having been to a great extent exhausted by the troops composing the expedition which started from here under command of Major General S. R. Curtis on the 28th August, a large proportion of which were troops from Kansas, and the season of the year being far advanced at the time I assumed command, I found myself in a great measure thrown on my own resources in supplying these numerous posts with quarters, defenses, hay, and fuel. The public transportation being altogether inadequate to the wants of the command, fuel and logs for building purposes having to be hauled in some instances seventy-five miles, I instructed my post commandants to press the empty tams of freighters returning from the west to assist them in erecting defenses, hauling fuel, building logs and hay, and also directed them to press mowing machines into public service, and without delay put up such amount of hay as would be required for winter consumption.
I would state for the information of the general commanding that the instructions authorizing the pressing of teams and moving machines were such as would prevent any damage to citizen owners, having directed commandants to exercise sound discretion and prevent as much as possible any injury to citizens of the United States, and in every instance where owners of teams or mowing machines made it manifest that they would be sufferers by being detained on public work, their
Page 827 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
teams and machines were promptly released. The necessity of adopting this course was urgent and imperative, and had it not been pursued the command and public animals would have suffered severely. Contracts to citizens would not be let on account of the imminent peril they had to risk of being murdered by hostile Indians unless guarded by our troops, who, having so much other duty to perform, could not be spared for such purpose. At the close of the last month, being thirty-three days since the organization of this line of posts was commenced, the work of erecting defenses, quarters for men and officers, stabling for public animals, and providing posts with hay and fuel, resulted as follows:
At Columbus there has been built a good stable, capacity 100 horses quarters for men are nearly complete and will be commodious, capacity for 100 men stockade work has been thrown up across the approaches and the post made defensible, though this work is not yet completed. Hay has been secured for winter supply, and fuel being close at hand no suffering can possibly arise from a deficient supply.
At Junction City stabling for sixty-four horses, and quarters for sixty-four men, has been erected stockade work has been thrown around quarters, and stabling sufficient to render the post defensible against Indians. Hay for four months' supply for six-four horses has against Indians. Hay for four months' supply for sixty-four horses has been secured, and fuel abundant close to the post on Grand Island in Platte River, insuring a full supply.
At Little Blue Station a deserted ranch has been occupied, additions made to it, and the troops at that post are comfortably quartered. Their horses are also sheltered, through the stable is not good. Abundance of fuel is close to station, and hay enough for the number of horses at the post.
At Pawnee Ranch a result similar to that at Little Blue Station has been obtained, with exception of hay, which is issued in half rations.
The troops of this station will have fulfilled their term of service on the 10th of December next, and at one time mutinied, forty of their number actually marching toward Arkansas City in defiance of the captain's authority. These men have by the influence of Colonel O. P. Mason, commanding Second Brigade, Nebraska Militia, been induced to return to duty, but their absence caused serious delay in the progress of the works, essential to the safety and comfort of the men and animals at that post.
At Fort Kearny quarters and stabling for four companies already existed, and the men have been busily engaged in constructing a rectangular redoubt 262 fee by 221 fee, with one demi-lune at each salient flanking the ditches. This work, though not yet complete, is connected with rifle-pits, and covers the eastern and southern flanks of the post. Another redoubt will be erected at the northwest angle of the post covering the northern and western flanks, connected by rifle-pits with the interior works. This being a depot of supplies of posts east of it and west as far as Midway Station, and no citizens being hired by the quartermaster's department, the men have been actively engaged transporting supplies, cutting fuel fifteen miles distant and hauling the same hay and fuel sufficient for wintering the command has been secured.
At Plum Creek quarters for the men have been erected capable of accommodating 160 men. A rectangular redoubt 332 feet square with bastions at the salients flanking the ditches has been commenced, and though not yet completed will be a perfect defense when it is. A deserted stable has been occupied for the use of the horses at this post.
Page 828 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
Sufficient hay for wintering the public animals has not been secured, nor has a sufficiency of fuel for the winter been obtained, but both are in sufficient quantity within a short distance to prevent apprehensions of a deficiency before spring.
At Mullahla's Station a deserted ranch and stable have been occupied, affording ample quarters for men and stabling for horses. Hay and fuel are being put up at this station, and there will be no deficiency of supplies before spring. Nothing has been done here toward fortifying this post, the sod buildings and stables affording sufficient defense for the force occupying them.
At Midway Station a deserted ranch and stable have been occupied. Hay only in sufficient quantity for immediate consumption has been obtained at this post, and no supply of fuel is on hand. There is fuel sufficiently near, however, to prevent suffering, but hay will be short, if a mounted force is maintained here, as there is not enough put up within a reasonable distance to supply the post. No defenses have been erected here, the sod buildings being deemed sufficiently secure against any Indian attack.
At Gillman's Station a deserted ranch and stable have been occupied, affording ample accommodations for the garrison. There is an abundant supply of hay at this post belonging to the proprietor of the ranch, Mr. Gillman, which can be secured for public use. Fuel has not been put up for winter supply, though it can be obtained readily fifteen miles from the post. No defenses have been erected at this post, the sod buildings, stables and stockade corrals belonging to the ranch being considered sufficiently secure. At Cottonwood commodious buildings are arranged in rectangular form about parade ground, giving accommodations for 200 men and stabling in rear of quarters for 178 horses, the whole inclosed by a stockade five feet high along eastern, western, and northern fronts, the southern face having a stockade nine feet high. Additional buildings are about completed for 100 more men. A good hospital, quartermaster, and commissary buildings have been erected at this post, at cedar logs-the principal ones of hewed logs-the company quarters of round logs.
At O'Fallon's Bluffs a deserted ranch has been occupied another similar ranch has been purchased and transported to the post and erected adjoining to one occupied, affording limited accommodations to garrison. A good stable and stockade corral have also been occupied and the stockade extended so as to form together with the buildings and stables an efficient defenses against Indian attacks. No hay has been put up here, but the post commander feels confident he can secure a sufficiency to supply him during the winter. Wood has to be hauled thirty-five miles and is now supplies only is quantities sufficient to supply the demand.
At Alkali a small sod house and stable were occupied and large additions built by the commanding officer. Quarters for 100 men and stabling for 110 horses have been erected of sod, the timber for roofing, &c., having been hauled seventy miles. An irregular line of parapets has been thrown up connecting and inclosing buildings and 300 tons hay cut and stacked. But little fuel has been obtained in excess of the daily consumption, owing to the great distance which it has to be hauled and the scarcity of transportation.
At Beauvais Station no buildings nor stables have been erected, the proprietor, Mr. Beauvais, an Indian trader, having permitted the occupation of a building and stable sufficient to accommodate the gar-
Page 829 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
rison. Hay and fuel have been contracted for at this post and a full supply will be obtained. No defensive works were necessary here, the stockade around the stable and corrals, together with the sod and log buildings at the station, affording ample protection to the garrison.
At Julesburg, Colo. Ter., the stage station of Overland Mail Company was temporarily fortified with rifle pits-no other quarters than holes dug in the earth, with shelter-tents for roofing the gables, walled with sod, were erected. No stabling had been erected and the horses were allowed to stand tied in a corral surrounded by a common pole fence.
On the 26th October last this garrison was moved about one-quarter mile west of the stage station and a commodious ranch occupied giving ample accommodations. A large unfinished stable without roof has been finished for men's quarters, and a commodious stable is in process of construction. The sod inclosure around the ranch is an excellent defense, and when the stables are finished this post will be one of the best defensive stations on the line. An abundant supply of hay has been secured here, but the fuel is not supplies in sufficient quantity, the men having frequently to gather buffalo chips for cooking their meals. The nearest fuel to this post is seventy-five miles distant.
In addition to the work enumerated in the foregoing details of each post, guards have been furnished the Overland Mail Company stages daily each way from Little Blue Station, Nebr. Ter., to Julesburg, Colo. Ter., each guard being relieved at the next post. At one time last month so audacious had the Indians become in their raids that a mounted escort of one sergeant and ten men had to be furnished to the stage from Plum Creek to Cottonwood, each post relieving the escort. All the hay cut by the troops of this command was cut by them under arms, and the details ordered to procure wood were not unfrequently driven out of the canons where alone it can be procured by superior forces of Indians, and no wagons used by the troops of this sub-district were permitted to go any distance from their posts without a strong guard to protect them. Add to this duty the daily and nightly patrols along the overland route and the constant reconnaissances made by detachments from each post, often extending their operations 60 to 100 miles on either side of the Platte Valley, and the amount of service performed, with a view of protecting the overland mail route, and the many thousands of wagons laden with supplies for the Territories west of the Missouri, which have lately passed over it in perfect security, and some idea of the activity of this command can be arrived at. The following is a resume of operations against hostile Indians as far as reported to these headquarters: September 29, a train of emigrants returning from the West wile camped two miles west of Plum Creek was attacked about 8 p. m. 1 white man killed and 2 wounded. Captain T. J. Weatherwax, Company G, First Regiment Cavalry Nebraska Veteran Volunteers, with forty men, immediately pursued the Indians trail led across Platte River Indians scattered, and trail was abandoned.
October 2, Captain T. B. Stevenson, Nebraska militia, with thirty men of his company, started in pursuit of hostile Indians reported on the Blue, west of his post traveled toward head of stream found trail leading southwest followed until satisfied Indians could not be overtaken, and returned. October 4, Captain Thomas J. Majors, Company C, First Regiment Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, with fifty men, scouted the country along Plum Creek, thence south to Turkey Creek
Page 830 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
(called Mud Creek on map), and along it close to its outlet into Republican. On his return crossed Platte River and scouted the country adjacent to Buffalo Creek saw numerous signs of Indians, but did not encounter any whole distance traveled 145 miles. October 6, Captain T. B. Stevenson, Nebraska militia, again moved in southerly direction up Elk Creek, with twenty-five men, expecting to join First Lieutenant Bremer, of his company, from Little Blue Station, with a similar number of men. First Lieutenant Bremer was ambushed by Indians, himself killed, and 1 of his men wounded. On the approach of Captain Stevenson's force the Indians fled, scattering in such a manner as to render pursuit impracticable. October 12, Overland Mail Company's westward-bound coach attacked by twenty-five Indians secreted in a deserted ranch eight miles west Plum Creek at 9 p. m. one stage horse killed instantly by first volley coach stopped guard and passengers, using coach as protection, opened a rapid fire upon the Indians through the windows and doors of the ranch. After desperate fight, lasting two hours, 2 Indians killed rest fled. One of the guard severely wounded in head, and 1 passenger slightly, flesh wound through leg. Commanding officer at Plum Creek immediately sent out a detachment of forty men under Captain W. W. Ivory, Company H, First Regiment Cavalry Nebraska Veteran Volunteers Captain H. H. Ribble, commanding at Mullahla's, also sending out fifteen men to join Captain Ivory on Plum Creek. Captain Ribble's detachment met sixty Indian warriors 2 or our men killed instantly seven succeeded in reaching Plum Creek the other six being cut off by forty warriors, dismounted and fought their way back to Mullahla's Station, sheltering themselves behind their horses. Indians lost 3 killed, 1 of them a chief who spoke broken English, and several others wounded our loss, 2 killed, 2 wounded, 2 horses killed and 10 disabled by wounds.
October 18, Captain White, Nebraska militia, commanding Little Blue Station, reports scout to south and seeing Indians, who could not be approached near water shed between Little Blue and Republican Rivers. October 20, 200 Indians crossed Platte River, moving north, fifteen miles west of Alkali Station killed 1 emigrant and ran off 50 head of oxen. Captain E. B. Murphy pursued them to Ash Hollow. His horses being in poor condition and satisfied he could not overtake them he returned to Alkali 21st, at 9 a. m., and resumed work on his quarters and defenses.
October 20, Captain N. J. O'Brien, Seventh Iowa Cavalry, commanding post Julesburg, Colo. Ter., reported pursuit of same band of Indians with forty men and one piece of artillery, with a similar result. October 21, same band of Indians having been re-enforced followed Captain E. B. Murphy back to Alkali and attacked his post. They were repulsed but not pursued on account of exhausted condition of horses at the post. October 21, Captain Stevenson reports having gone out with twenty men and scouted the country south of Little Blue River. Saw many sings of Indians but could not overtake any. October 22, forty Indians attacked detachment of troops cutting wood near Midway Station. Detachment retreated toward station, were re-enforced and pursued Indians twenty miles, but could not overtake them. October 28, Captain John R. Porter, Nebraska militia, commanding Midway Station, reported that a party of haymakers at work for Overland Mail Company near his post were attacked and driven in by a party of Indians. Mounted twenty-five men and started in pursuit, overtook them, killed 2 and captured 3, rest succeeded in escaping. The party proved to be Pawnees, who have heretofore been considered friendly toward the whites. On the 22nd of October last, the wind being from the north and favorable,
Page 831 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
I caused the prairie south of Platte River Valley to be simultaneously fired from a point twenty miles west of Julesburg continuously to a point ten miles east of this post, burning the grass in a continuous line of 200 miles as far south as the Republican River. In some places the fire went out owing to the grass being too thin to burn readily. But since then detachments have been sent out and the work has progressed favorably every canon and all the valley of streams along this line have been thoroughly burned, thus depriving hostile Indians of forage for their animals in their hiding-places and driving all the game beyond the Republican River. From a point ten miles east of this post to Little Blue Station I have burned only the creek valleys and canons, compelling the Indians to graze their stock on the high prairie if they remain in that part of the country, and leaving the game in that section undisturbed for the use of the Pawnees, who received twelve sacks of flour from this post on the 29th October last and started for the hunting grounds between Little Blue and Republican Rivers about 200 strong.
This hunting excursion of the country left unburned, and where as it will scour that portion of the country left unburned, and where the hostile Cheyennes engaged out troops in July and October last. These Pawnees have promised to warn the posts of Little Blue and Pawnee Ranch in event of their finding hostile Indians. The firing of the prairie has been commenced on the north side of the Platte Valley from Mullahla's Station to a point twenty-five miles west of Julesburg, Colo. Ter., extending north in some instances 150 miles. Universal consternation has spread among the Indians, to whom this mode of warfare is apparently new, and their presence along the road through this sub-district need not be apprehended during the winter. Officers from Fort Laramie tell me that already the effect of this grand burning of the prairie is manifest among the Indians, and that they are anxious to make peace, but whether their propositions are induced by fear of starvation, the game being driven off by fires,or only to check the process of burning until they can renew hostilities in the spring, I am not prepared to say, and would simply suggest a continuance of the work as a punishment for past misdeeds and a warning to them of what may occur in the future should they persist in their unfriendly conduct. One thing is certain, this burning of the prairie has produced a marked effect on the Indian tribes along the road, and they begin to dread the white man's power. It will be borne in mind that the Platte Valley proper-that is, the country lying each side of the river up to the bluffs on either side-has been protected from fire by express orders, and carefully preserved for the use of the immense amount of stock used in transporting merchandise over the road to the States and Territories west of Missouri River, and no suffering can possibly occur to the numberless teams traveling to and from the west.
I inclose diagrams* of the buildings and defenses of all the posts under my command-the black lines indicating the finished portions of the work, and the red lines the unfinished work in process of completion. I regret to say that the horses of this command are not in a fit condition for active field duty, arriving as nearly all of them did from a long and arduous expedition of 800 miles, during which they were on short rations most of the time, and being immediately ordered to occupy posts which required constant activity and watchfulness on the part of commanders to keep off hostile Indians by whom the country was to a great extent overrun. The horses have been compelled to do a vast amount of duty, and are thin and somewhat exhausted.
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*Not found.
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Page 832 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
Stringent regulations are being enforced, however, by which the care of horses will be bettered, and I confidently expect them to recuperate sufficiently before long to fit them for active duty in hunting down the murderous Indians who committed so many acts of atrocity along this road in the summer. It affords me much gratification to state that although numerous attempts have been made by the Indians to interrupt communication between this post and the western Territories since I assumed command, all their assaults have been repulsed with loss to them. They have ben steadily pursued whenever a trail could be found, and the country adjacent to the road for sixty miles made too hot for them. No interruption whatever, eight of the U. S. mail or the immense amount of transportation passing over the road, has occurred thus far under my command.
Before closing this report I would respectfully call your attention to the patent truth, the hostility of the Indians tribes is general throughout the West. Those tribes who are on reservations, such as the Poncas, Omahas, Pawnees, and Otoes are restless, and already one band of the Pawnees has shown a spirit of resistance to our authority in the late affair near Midway Station on the 28th ultimo. From all the information that I can gather if appears to be the determination of the Indians generally to prevent the future encroachment of the whites upon their hunting grounds, and I confidently look for a renewal of hostilities on a much larger sale in the spring, for the reason that the war this past summer has been a success for the Indians, turning into their hands large amounts of valuable property captured from trains and many superior horses and arms taken from the murdered teamsters, while comparatively no punishment for these crimes has been administered to them by our forces. I firmly believe that unless a terrible example is made of them-for instance, the total annihilation of some of their winter encampments, by which they will be brought to feel the power of the Government and its ability to avenge the terrible butcheries committed by them during the past summer-they will from their past successes be encouraged to a more vigorous and audacious warfare as soon as the grass is green next spring. I discard the opinion which has been so freely advanced by many that this Indian war has been instigated and aided by whites. Its origin is in the natural antipathy between the Indian and Anglo-Saxon races. The rapid strides of civilization toward and over the Rocky Mountains foreshadow to the Indians a future so abhorrent to all his natural instincts that he cannot help turning upon the white man and attempt in his savage way to check this annually increasing current of white emigration toward his once quiet and bountifully supplied hunting grounds.
I cannot conclude without expressing my admiration of the soldierly behavior of the four companies of Nebraska militia under my command. They have endured privations and done duty without murmuring, only one company, Captain Stevenson's, having manifested any disorderly conduct and that was promptly remedied by Colonel O. P. Mason, Nebraska militia. Their services entitle them to the thanks of their fellow-citizens, and the Territory may justly feel proud of such gallant men.
I am, general, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
R. R. LIVINGSTON,
Colonel First Regiment Nebraska Cav. Veteran Vols.,
Commanding Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska.
Brigadier General LORENZO THOMAS,
Adjutant-General, War Department, Washington, D. C.
Page 833 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO. HDQRS. EASTERN SUB-DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA,
Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., December 1, 1864.
SIR: I have the honor to respectfully submit the following report of military operations in this sub-district for the month of November last:
In my last report I exhibited the amount of labor performed by our troops at the various posts in this sub-district, and during the last month additions of various character have been made to buildings for the comfort of the men and officers, and the posts, with few exceptions, are now as comfortably provided for as the exigencies of the service will permit. For details of the progress made at the different posts I have the honor to invite your attention to the accompanying report of Lieutenant Charles Thompson, acting assistant quartermaster, and acting commissary of subsistence of this sub-district.
The following is a resume of scouts and skirmishes had in the last month:
November 7, 1864, Captain E. B. Murphy, Company A, Seventh Iowa Cavalry, commanding post of Alkali Station, reported that Indians attacked Sand Hills Stage Station at 10 p. m. 6th instant. Their object seemed to be to run off stock. Were repulsed by six men of his company there as stage guard. No damage done.
November 11, 1864, Captain A. G. White, Nebraska militia, commanding post Little Blue Station, reported scout southwest of his post, fifteen miles on Elk Creek. Found one Indian pony running loose. Saw no Indian signs.
November 16, 1864, Captain William W. Ivory, Company H, First Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, with forty men, moved from post Plum Creek southwest up Plum Creek, on south side, ten miles, thence north to Freeman's ranch, and camped. On 17th crossed to island in Platte River, scoured them thoroughly, returned to bluffs south of Freeman's, and searched the canons for three miles about 11 a. m. struck fresh trail of about twelve Indian ponies going south. Being out of rations, and horses worn out, returned to post at Plum Creek.
November 19, 1864, Captain Thomas J. Majors, commanding post Plum Creek, reported that 100 Indians attacked train three miles west of that post. With the mounted patrol of fifteen men immediately went to the rescue of train. Four Indians in line of battle, who immediately charged his force were repulsed. Captain Thomas J. Weatherwax, Company G, First Nebraska Cavalry, with re-enforcements, came in sight, when Captain Majors, with his force of fifteen men, charged the Indians, and drove them ten miles southwest, when darkness came on, and he was compelled to relinquish the pursuit. Our loss, none. Indians, killed 5. Ox train lost 20 head of oxen killed and wounded.
November 20, 1864, Captain S. M. Curran, Company E, First Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, with forty men, moved from post Plum Creek to scene of previous day's affair, thence southwest to bluffs, and struck trail of the retreating Indians, which he followed to Plum Creek, thence up on south side five miles. Here found many articles thrown away by the Indians moved up the creek to the bend, twenty-five miles from post Plum Creek. Here Indian trail spread out on the prairie, and was lost. Turned course north to Platte River scoured bluffs and canons east to post of Mullahla's remained there over night. On 21st was joined by Captain Ribble, Company I, First Nebraska Cavalry, commanding post Mullahla, with eighteen men, and moved up
53 R R-VOL XLI, PT I
Page 834 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII. Platte River to old Indian haunts. Found no fresh indications of Indians having been there of late. Returned in afternoon to Plum Creek Station.
November 26, Captain T. J. Majors, commanding post Plum Creek, reported that the westward-bound coach was attached five miles east of that post, about 8 p. m. 25th, and 3 passengers, one woman and two men, wounded. On receiving this information immediately sent Captain S. M. Curran, Company E, First Nebraska Cavalry, with his squadron to place of attack found no Indian found telegraph wire down and cut in three places, apparently cut by hatchets. By information gathered from passengers and driver the attack was made by a small force.
November 26, Indians attacked train five miles east of post Plum Creek at 4 p. m. Captain Majors, commanding post Plum Creek, with sixty men, immediately proceeded to the train. When within two miles of the train discovered Indians fleeing south. Followed at full speed and came up with them fifteen miles south, on head waters Spring Creek. Only half his horses were able to keep up, and when Indians made a stand in a deep canon had only thirty-five men up-had been close to and firing into enemy's rear for the last mile. Indians from canon opened up brisk fire at distance of 250 yards. Men dismounted and fought them. Ordered mount and attempted to gain position on flank or rear from small numbers was unable to divide force, and every move to flank them was foiled by concentrating move of their whole force, numbering from 75 to 100. Darkness coming on, was compelled to retire. One man, Private McGinnis, Company E, First Nebraska Cavalry, slight wound. One horse killed and 2 wounded. Indians, 3 killed and a number wounded.
November 26, Lieutenant J. P. Murphy, Company F, First Nebraska Cavalry, with eighteen men, marched to Sand Hills Stage Station, east of this post, at which place one man had been murdered the evening previous, and from there escorted overland stage coach to Elm Creek Stage Station. Coach proceeded from there on and he moved with his force on to Pawnee Ranch and Liberty farm. On the 28th returned to Muddy Stage Station. On 29th marched south and west, and came up Dry Creek, scouring the country and setting fire to the grass along all the streams. Returning to Fort Kearny saw no signs of Indians that were fresh.
November 26, Captain Lee P. Gillette, First Nebraska Cavalry, commanding post Fort Kearny, reported that in obedience to orders from headquarters Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska he moved with fifty men of his command from Fort Kearny at 11 p. m. 26th, in a westerly direction seventeen mile thence south no bluffs seven miles thence southwest over the prairie to head of canons on Spring Creek thence east from Spring Creek. On the 28th scouted in southwest direction nine miles back to Spring Creek, ten miles from its mouth. Near this creek found trails made by Indians and unshod ponies. Trail led both up and down the stream. Followed trail going south. At mouth found several old lodges. Crossed Spring Creek and moved up the Republication. On 29th moved west five miles and formed junction with Captain Majors from Plum Creek Station marched down Republican to mouth of Spring Creek and followed up that stream to its source, scouring the canons leading with it thence northwest course to Platte River. On 1st December returned to Fort Kearny. Distance traveled 150 miles.
November 26, Colonel S. W. Summers, Seventh Iowa Cavalry, commanding post Fort Cottonwood, reported that in obedience to instruc-
Page 835 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
tions from headquarters sub-district, Captain Cremer with fifty men moved at 12 p. m. 26th for Dan Smith's Station. At daylight was joined by ten men from that station and forty men from Gilman's, and with that force moved south to the Republican River crossed that stream and marched east to and up Beaver Creek. On the 30th turned direction of march north to Platte River, crossing the Republican River due south of post Plum Creek. From post Plum Creek returned to Fort Cottonwood. Reports no Indian signs on Beaver Creek. Thirty miles west of a line south of Plum Creek crossed a fresh trail going south of about forty Indians without lodge poles. On the Republican crossed another large trail of at least 150 with lodge poles. This party had camped there two days previous had erected their lodges and evidently had been there some days. Reports no buffalo in country scouted over.
November 27, Captain Thomas J. Majors, First Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, commanding post Plum Creek, reported that in obedience to orders from headquarters sub-district he moved at daylight from post Plum Creek with fifty men and one 12-pounder howitzer south to scene of affair of the day before thence southwest eighteen miles, where he struck the Curtis trail and camped. On the 28th continued march to the Republican River. On the 29th moved down the river, where he met Captain Gillette with force from Fort Kearny. Learning from him that fresh trails had been seen, leading north and none south, moved on down the river to Spring Creek, then up that stream twelve miles, where found seven Indian lodges recently occupied and capable of containing 150 Indians. On the morning of the 30th found that the Indians had separated or spread out so as to leave no trail that could be followed. From that point marched to head of Spring-Creek, where the command separated, Captain Gillette moving toward Fort Kearny and his command back to post Plum Creek distance traveled, 100 miles.
I beg particularly to call your attention to the gallantry of the troops at Plum Creek Station and the efficiency and promptness of the commanding officer, Captain Thomas J. Majors. This officer, occupied as he has been to his utmost capacity in building fortifications, quarters, cutting hay and fuel, escorting stages, &c., has also been very active in hunting down the hostile Indians who have so frequently attempted raid on the road within his jurisdiction. His daring and self-possession in action are worthy of all praise, and by his promptness in flying to meet the enemy he has saved a number of trains and rescued a large number of travelers from being brutally murdered by the ruthless vagabond of Indians who perpetrate their deviltries alike on women and children, as well as men.
I have the honor again to call your attention to the fact that the defensive character of this Indian war on out part is not calculated to terminate the atrocities so frequently committed by hostile Indians, scattered as the troops are along a line of 300 miles, with greater or less intervals between posts. These intervals, over which trains must necessarily pass, are subject to inroads by raiding parties of Indians, and it is on these that all the skirmishes of the last month have occurred. The number of troops at the posts not being large enough to permit any one of them to send out a sufficient force to penetrate into the Indian haunts south of the Republican River with safety, their scouting parties are necessarily confined in their operations to searching for and engaging small war parties of Indians, who always fall back on the approach of our troops and escape south. You will observe a reg-
Page 836 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI Chapter LIII.
ularity in the time of attacks adopted by the Indians. They invariably strike the overland road at a late hour of the day, by which means, when pursued by our forces, night interferes to stop the pursuit and the majority of them thus escape. I feel convinced that nothing short of an expedition against the encampments of the hostile Sioux and Cheyennes south of the Republican River, which will strike and destroy some large band, will terminate this barbarous warfare. our position along the overland road and the vast amount of goods, passing over it offers temptations to the young warriors of these hostile tribes which they will continue to embrace. In the past month they have not been successful, our troops promptly meeting and driving them, but such petty warfare is precisely of that character which stimulates the Indian brave, and unless a severe punishment is administered to them in their own encampment I look for continued raids of the character described in reports of scouts and engagements heretofore forwarded to your headquarters. The overland road is not safe for trains containing less than fifty or sixty well armed men. On the 19th of November last you will see that the Indians did not hesitate to attack a train numbering over forty armed men, and had it not been for the timely arrival of Captain Majors that train would undoubtedly have perished. Thus far my efforts to keep open the great routes have proved successful no interruption has taken place, although frequent raids have been made on it. To insure the safety of trains and the mail and passengers on the Overland Mail Company's stages, I issued instructions to post commanders directing them to hold small trains traveling over the road at their posts until a sufficient number of them were gathered to insure their safety on the road before permitting them to proceed on their way. The stage company was directed to time their departures east from Cottonwood and west from Fort Kearny so as to insure the passage of the coaches over the dangerous parts of the road in daylight. Mounted guards have been furnished the stage company between this point and Cottonwood, but this service is very injurious to out horses 132 men are required for this duty every day. Dismounted guards continue to be furnished at the post west of Fort Cottonwood and east of Fort Kearny. The accompanying letters of instructions relating to this matter are forwarded for your information.
In my opinion all that is necessary to obtain peace with Cheyennes and Sioux is to crush some of their large winter encampments out of existence, when felling the power of our arms, they will submit nothing short of this can accomplish lasting peace or give security to the great overland route. I would recommend that a temporary depot of subsistence stores and grain be established at a convenient camping-ground on the Republican in the month of April next,or earlier if deemed advisable, and that a body of mounted troops not less than 300 strong be used as scouting parties from that point until some large winter encampment of hostile Indians is found, when the whole force could be assembled and marched with all celerity consistent with safety to horses, to attack and destroy the encampment found. I do not consider it best to march a large body of troops over these desolate plains encumbered with wagons, and trusting to chance to find the enemy. Such bodies of troops will always be seen first by the wily Indians, and timely preparation to move their encampment be made by them. It is utterly impossible to move a large body of men over the prairies without exposing them, and for this reason such bodies are nearly always out exposing them, and for this reason such bodies are nearly always unsuccessful in meeting the enemy unless our numbers induce him to
Page 837 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
believe he can vanquish us, when he will offer battle, but this is so seldom the case that I deem the plan of making a depot and finding an encampment through reconnaissances infinitely more certain of success. The best season in which to attack Indians is in the early spring months April and early part of May when the young grass purges and enfeebles their stock, disabling them from running any great distance and insuring their being easily run down by our grain fed stock.
I would also suggest the propriety of establishing a post on the Republican River, immediately south of Plum Creek, at some favorable point on the north side of that stream, connecting it by a telegraph line with Plum Creek Station early next spring. By this means raiding parties of Indians could be met by the troops of both garrison and effectually checked. The timber on the Republican would enable the erection of log houses for quarters and stables and the erection of a substantial stockade around the garrison. Your attention is called to the fact that nearly all the depredations by Indians have been confined to the neighborhood of Plum Creek, and that the great Indian route between the Platte River and the country south is over the prairie lying between the Republican and the Platte Rivers, immediately south of Plum Creek.
The supplies for such a post could be hauled very readily, as the country between the these points is excellent for road purposes. In addition to the advantages of such a post in deterring marauding expeditions of Indians, it would be found of great service to our posts along the overland road in furnishing a supply of fuel, which is abundant on the Republican and its tributaries, while it is exceedingly scarce on the road. The advantages of a post on the Republican River are so self-evident that I will not point them out further.
I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
R. R. LIVINGSTON,
Colonel 1st Regiment Nebr. Cav. Vet. Vols., Commanding East. Sub-Dist. of Nebr.
Captain JOHN PRATT,
Asst. Adjt. General, Dist. of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebr. Ter.
[Inclosure Numbers 1.]
HEADQUARTERS EASTERN SUB-DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA,
Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., November 27, 1864.
WILLIAM REYNOLDS, Esq.,
General Supt. O. S. Line, Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter.:
SIR: In view of the frequent ambuscades by hostile Indians between this post and Fort Cottonwood, and the fact that nearly all these hostile demonstrations occur after darkness, I deem it essential to the safety of the U. S. mails and the lives of the passengers in your coaches that you make it incumbent on your division agent to run the coaches between this post and Fort Cottonwood by daylight. I respectfully suggest the hour of 4 a. m. as a seasonable hour for the departure of the coach from this point for the west, and 3 a. m. for the departure of the coach going east from Cottonwood.I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,R. R. LIVINGSTON,Colonel First Nebr. Cav. Vet. Vols., Commanding East. Sub-Dist. of Nebr.
Page 838 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
[Inclosure Numbers 2.]
HEADQUARTERS EASTERN SUB-DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA,
Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., November 28, 1864.
COMMANDING OFFICER POST,
Fort Kearny, Plum Creek, Mullahla's, Dan Smith's Ranch, Gillman's, Fort Cottonwood:
SIR: The colonel commanding directs that you do not permit any small trains to pass your post unless there are enough men with it to defend it against Indian attacks. As soon as another train arrives and in your judgment the combined trains are strong enough to resist Indian attacks, permit them to proceed.
By command of Colonel R. R. Livingston:
F. A. McDONALD,
First Lieutenant, First Nebr. Cav. Vet. Vols., Actg. Asst. Adjt. General
Numbers 2. Reports of Captain Thomas J. Majors, First Nebraska Cavalry.
HEADQUARTERS POST,
Plum Creek, October 13, 1864-9 p. m.
LIEUTENANT: I am just in receipt of news from Captain Ribble-fifteen men sent by him, agreeable to my order (all he could mount), to make a junction with Captain Ivory on Plum Creek, south of Mullahla's Ranch. After having made a scout out as far as ordered and not meeting with Ivory, they started back and came up within sight of the ranch. On the bluffs opposite they were attacked by about sixty or more Indians, overpowered, and compelled to retreat. The Indians were between them and the ranch, consequently they had to fall back south. Two were killed (Jackson and Kelley) and 7 still missing, under Bangs. The only hope I have for their safety is that they may fall in with Captain Ivory, who is somewhere on Plum Creek, with about thirty men. I sent him out about 4 o'clock this morning. Two of his horses giving out ten or twelve miles up the creek, he sent them back, and they on their return came within sight of one Indian, who immediately fled southward. Their horses being in no condition to pursue, they came in and reported, whereupon I at once sent Captain Curran out to if, possible, find, attack, and kill all Indians found, supposing from this information that Captain Ivory had passed by them and they were lurking in his rear. I just hear that Captain Curran has arrived at Mullahla's Ranch without seeing anything of the enemy or Captain Ivory. I at once sent him orders to procure rations from Ribble and immediately follow if possible make a junction with Captain Ivory. All the mounted force I have are now out under Captains Curran and Ivory. I hope for the best results, believing that if either Curran or Ivory sees them they will make sad havoc among them. I regret exceedingly that I am not personally in command, but have full confidence in those that are. I hope the necessity of the case will not demand my calling for more force, but if trouble still continues it will be impossible forme with my limited force to guard as much road as i am called upon to do, and beside this build quarters for my men, which
Page 839 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
are very much needed, as winter is fast approaching. As soon as I am in possession of all the facts relative to the scouting parties I will at once communicate it to you.
I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, &c.,
THOMAS J. MAJORS,
Captain, Commanding Post.
Lieutenant McDONALD,
A. A. A. G., East. Sub. Dist. of Nebr., Fort Kearny, Nebr.
You can telegraph this to Livingston if you think necessary.
MAJORS.
HEADQUARTERS POST,
Plum Creek, Nebr. Ter., December 1, 1864
.LIEUTENANT: In compliance with requirements of Circular Numbers 9, headquarters Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska, November 24, 1864, I have the honor to report as follows:
From the 1st to 16th of November the work of building quarters was vigorously continued. Seven rooms have been erected for officers' quarters, one for sutler and two for quartermaster's and commissary stores. But a few more days' work is required for their completion. About sixty feet of embankment has been constructed of sod-wall four and a half feet in height and three feet in thickness. The amount of fuel used up to the 20th of the mouth was cut on an island in the Platte and hauled a distance of from one to three miles. On the 16th Indians were reported to have been seen on the road between this post and Mullahla's Station. Captain ivory was accordingly sent to scout the country with twenty-five men. Marched ten miles up Plum Creek, then across the bluffs to French's ranch. There being no shelter there, went on to Freeman's ranch and camped. Shortly after arriving at the ranch private Rosecrans, Company D, First Nebraska Cavalry, was severely wounded by a short from an enemy outside. The night was too dark to find any trace of the enemy.
On the following morning, November 17, the party crossed to an island in the Platte. Found no Indian trace, and then marched south into the bluffs, where the trails of a small party of Indians was found leading southward. The horses were too much exhausted, and supply of rations too limited, to profitably pursue, therefore the party returned to camp on the 17th, having marched about fifty miles. The land traveled over was very broken, except when in the Platte Valley. Timber in small bodies and plenty of excellent grass was found on Plum Creek. Nothing more was seen of the Indians until the 19th, when 100 of them attacked a train four miles west at about 5 p. m. I was soon apprised of the fact, and with twelve mounted patrol, accompanied by Captain Curran and Lieutenant Gillespie, galloped for the scene of attack. At sight of my approach the Indians desisted from their attack on the train and drew up in line of battle across the road and awaited my approach. When I had arrived within about 1,000 yards the Indians charged us with furious yells. I ordered my men to dismount, and by steady firing repulsed their attack, but not until they had extended their line so as nearly to surround us. Captain Weatherwax, whom I had ordered to follow as soon as he could mount, was by this time rapidly approaching with twenty-five men. When he was within supporting distance I ordered my men to mount and
Page 840 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
charge, which was done with a will. The Indians retreated at full speed for seven miles into the bluffs, when it became so dark that it was inadvisable to pursue them farther. Five of the Indians were killed. Could not ascertain the number wounded, as they were in every instance assisted off the field by their comrades. Our loss 1 horse.
At daybreak next morning, November 20, I sent Captain Curran with forty mounted men to pursue the Indians. He moved to scene of action evening previous, and followed Indian trail up Plum Creek, finding many articles of value abandoned by the enemy, showing that their retreat had been precipitate. Twenty-five miles from Plum Creek Station found one of the enemy's horses with leg broken by musket-ball. Trail then became so much divided that it could not be followed. Captain Curran then marched northward to Mullahla's Station and camped.
On the following morning, November 21, he moved southward into the bluffs, searching carefully for indications of Indians. Failed to find any. Returned to camp evening of 21st. Weather was very cold and several of his men returned with feet and ears frozen. Captain Curran found timber in small quantities on Plum Creek for a distance of twenty miles from this post after that there was neither timber nor water to be found on the creek. Grass was abundant, but dead. Land very broken between Plum Creek and Platte River.
On the 25th instant, at 9 p. m., the coach from Kearny was attacked four miles east of this post, wounding 3 passengers. Captain Curran was at once sent out with thirty mounted men. The night was intensely dark and no sign of the Indians could be found. A small train was met in a dangerous situation and escorted to the post.
On the 26th, at 4 p. m., a train of five wagons with twenty men was attacked five miles east of this post by about seventy-five Indians. The men being but poorly armed were soon overpowered and left their wagons, retreating toward this post. Two of them were killed and 6 wounded. I was soon notified of the attack by a patrol that had seen the occurrence from an island in the river, where wood-choppers were at work, and mounting thirty men as hastily as possible, I pursued the Indians sixteen miles to Spring Creek, where they were re-enforced, and sheltering themselves in the deep ravines or canons could not be dislodged. A sharp fight her ensued, the Indians being dismounted as well as ourselves. Result not decisive. Enemy's loss, 3 killed number wounded, unknown. our loss, 1 private McGinnis, Company E, First Nebraska Cavalry, slightly wounded, 1 horse killed, and 2 wounded. In their retreat the Indians were so closely pressed that they abandoned one horse, a number of spears, and the two scalps they had taken from the murdered men. The latter were brought to this post for burial. The wounded were skillfully cared for by Assistant Surgeon Larsh, and are now in a fair way for recovery.
At daylight on the following morning, November 27, I moved south with fifty mounted men and one 12-pounder mountain howitzer. Proceeded to the scene of the engagement the evening previous, hoping to find the Indians still in that vicinity. Failing to do so, I moved southwest about eighteen miles until I struck the Curtis trail, where I encamped for the night.
The next morning, 28th, I continued the march southward, crossing several small streams which were so much swollen that I was somewhat delayed in crossing my howitzer, so that it was night-fall before I reached the Republican, where I encamped.
Page 841 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
On the following morning, November 29, moved down the river a short distance and met Captain Gillette's party from Fort Kearny. Learning from him that fresh trails had been seen leading northward and none of the south, I deemed it advisable to follow the trails spoken of, which I did, moving down the river to the mouth of Spring Creek, then up that stream about twelve miles, where I found seven Indian lodges recently occupied and capable of containing about 150 Indians. Camped at this point for the night.
Next morning, 30th, I found upon close examination that the Indians had separated or spread out so as to leave no trail that could be followed, and think they must have gone eastward, for had they gone west I should have been almost certain to have seen their trail as I moved south. From this point I marched to the head of Spring Creek, where Captain Gillette, with his command, moved in the direction of Fort Kearny, and I with mine to this post, arriving here about 6 p. m. distance traveled, about 100 miles. The country passed over was very broken in the vicinity of Spring Creek, and in many places near the Republican. Timber was found in small quantities on both of the above-mentioned streams.
On the 27th I encamped on the open prairie, near a small lake, without any timber at all. Grass was plenty, but dead, and of but little value as forage. Dismounted guards were furnished the overland stage until the 26th, since when a mounted escort of ten men has been provided between this post and Mullahla's Station. The accompanying diagrams* indicate the routes pursued by scouting parties herein mentioned.
I remain, lieutenant, very respectfully, &c.,
THOS. J. MAJORS,
Captain, Commanding Post.
Numbers 3. Report of Captain William W. Ivory, First Nebraska Cavalry.
PLUM CREEK STATION, NEBR.,
October 17, 1864.
LIEUTENANT: I respectfully report that in obedience to orders received from Captain Thomas J. Majors, I left here on the morning of the 13th instant to scout the country on Plum Creek, and opposite to Freeman's ranch, the scene of the attack on the stage on the evening of the 12th. I scoured the country around and on Plum Creek some fifteen miles. I then struck across the hills and examined the canons for a breadth of seven miles down to Freeman's and French's ranches, and to within two miles of Captain Ribble's station (Mullahla's). I then crossed to one of the island opposite Freeman's ranch, made a thorough examination of the ground for three miles, found traces of the Indian moccasin tracks, &c. It being dark and my horses nearly given out, I camped. In the morning, 14th I sent a squad of nine men and corporal across the Platte to scout the country on the north side and join me in the evening at this place. I then started for camp, the twenty-four hours' rations ordered out with [me] being exhausted. At the road near Freeman's I got information that a party of Captain Ribble's men, who were out looking for the same Indians I was after, had been attacked
---------------
*Omitted as unimportant
.---------------
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by a and of Cheyennes, supposed to be forty warriors, under the command of one of there big chiefs, White Antelope. They killed and scalped 2 of Ribble's men, wounded 2, and captured and killed 7 or 8 of his horses. After some fight the small party, only eight men, had to retreat to their station at Mullahla's, six miles from where the men were killed. This occurred the same day I went out, the 13th, but late in the evening and nearly on the same ground my men had gone over.
On hearing this report I started for Captain Ribble's station, and sent word to my men to all join me there. After being joined by Captain Curran's command, some fifteen men, by order received from Captain Majors, we marched for the scene of the attack the day previous. Found the dead bodies of Ribble's company some six miles south of his station. We scouted the country for two to three miles, it being nearly dark when we got out. We returned to Mullahla's ranch and camped. Captain Majors joined the command before we had got out that evening. The next morning, the 15th, we started in the direction of Plum Creek over the ground partly scouted the day before, traveled some fifteen miles south, then ten miles southeast to a lake, find in no trace of the Indians. We then marched for camp at this post, where we arrived about 9 o'clock at night. I would respectfully give it as my opinion, which I hope the captain commanding will forward to district headquarters, that if I had [had] reasonably good horses on this scout, I would more than likely have come on the Indians in their rear about the time of their attack on Sergeant Bangs' party, as I would, if the horses had been able to stand it, have marched some miles farther out. As it was I was under the necessity of marching most of the time at a walk, to enable me to scout the country between this and the point opposite Freeman's ranch, on Plum Creek, and from there to the Platte, as I understand from verbal instructions by the captain commanding. I started out with twenty-seven horses, every one that was fit to travel, out of forty-five horses. Two of them gave out the first five miles and four were unfit to travel out of a walk, that I sent back and out of the whole number of horses that I had the first evening, when I got to the Platte not five of them could have galloped five miles. I am almost certain with the men I had out if they were properly mounted I could have found the Indians and whipped them, as I would have crossed the Platte with me men the first evening out, an as it proved after, we would more than likely have come up to them on the north side, for the Indians crossed the road and river that night some five miles below this post.
Very respectfully,
WM. W. IVORY,
Captain Squadron H, First Nebr. Cav. Vet. Vols.
Lieutenant LOUIS J. BOYER,
Acting Post Adjutant.
Numbers 4. Report of Captain John R. Porter, First Nebraska Militia Infantry. MIDWAY, october 28, 1864.
DEAR SIR: We had a fight to-day with the Indians killed 2 and took 3 prisoners. About noon there were twenty-five or thirty Indians came down on the opposite side of the river and run our hay-makers over. I ordered my men to saddle, and we crossed the river. We run them fifteen miles when we got within shooting distance shot 1 there
Page 843 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO. and got him. Ran about two miles, when 2 more gave up and we took them prisoners then kept up a running fire to the bluffs on the other side of Buffalo Creek. When near the bluffs we killed another and took 1 more prisoner. We lost 1 good horse, saddle, bridle, and equipments. The boys behaved nobly. I think several carried lead off with them, as there were a good many shots fired at them. All my men arrived in camp 10 p. m. none killed or wounded. All of them have some Indian trophy, and feel as through they had not served their sixty days for nothing.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN R. PORTER,
Captain, Commanding Post, Midway, Nebr. Ter.
Colonel R. R. LIVINGSTON,
Commanding Eastern Sub-District, Nebraska Territory.
Numbers 5. Report of Captain Thomas B. Stevenson, First Nebraska Militia Infantry.
PAWNEE RANCH, October 7, 1864-10 p. m.
COLONEL: Just returned from a disastrous scout to find your General Order, Numbers 4, awaiting me. Yesterday late in the evening I discovered Indians on the prairie to the number of about fifty, between the headwaters of Liberty and Elk Creeks. I had but four men with me. They scattered in a twinkle on seeing us toward Elk Creek. The darkness favored them. I sent immediately to my first lieutenant, F. J. Bremer, commanding Little Blue Station, to spare me all the men possible, I to meet them midway between this post and his. We met at daylight this morning and moved the east side of Liberty Creek thence to the head of Elk Creek and down some distance without success. I was prepared to stop out all night, the lieutenant was not. He had gone about a mile and then stopped to graze, believing there was not an Indian on Elk Creek, for he had been on the lower part the day before. As I am informed, he crossed the creek with three men to what seemed a trail was shot dead by Indians in ambush one of the men is wounded (I think not serious) with an arrow. The wounded man fired on the Indians several times and felled one. The men fell back out of the thicket, Indians being concealed and believed to be numerous, though no one saw more than five at once time. A messenger of those on the other side of the creek came to me. I advanced in haste, but all was over. My lieutenant, a good soldier and worthy man, dead by a gunshot the ground strewn with arrows a miserable redskin carried off dead or wounded. I explored the thicket got some moccasins, Indian purses, lariats, and a gun cover in dens they had in the thicket, but the Indians evaded and escaped me. I have not men enough to hold two stations, guard the stage line, nd go thirty or move down each side of this creek of Indian murderers, and twenty or thirty infantry scour the bed of the creek at the same time, and where necessary burn out the thicket. Will be up to the fort soon.
Your obedient servant,
THOS. B. STEVENSON,
Captain Company A, First Regiment Nebraska Militia.
Colonel R. R. LIVINGSTON,
Commanding Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska.
Page 844 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
Numbers 6. Report of Captain Lee P. Gillette, First Nebraska Cavalry.
HEADQUARTERS POST,
Fort Kearny, Nebr. Ter., December 16, 1864.
LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report, in obedience to Circular Numbers 9, headquarters Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska, the following military [operations] at this post:
On November 26, 1864, Lieutenant John P. Murphy, with eighteen enlisted men of Company F, First Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, marched to Pawnee Ranch, on the Little Blue River. On morning of the 28th of November he marched from that post in a westerly direction, scouting the country adjacent to the headwaters of the Little Blue, and returned to this post on the 30th of November. Reports that he saw no Indians nor any signs indicating that they had been on that stream recently. The country passed over from Pawnee Ranch to Fort Kearny is considerably broken, and is interspersed with numerous small streams. Grass and timber (along the streams) is in sufficient quantities to supply troops marching through the country. On the same date, November 26, one commissioned officer and forty-five enlisted men of the garrison left post, under command of Captain L. P. Gillette, on scout to Republican River, with six days' rations for men and six days' rations for animals. Marched 11.30 p. m. of that day. Moved up Platte River to Seventeen-Mile Point and went into camp. Marched at daylight the following morning in a southerly direction across Platte River Bottom and over the Sand Hills thence southwest twenty-five miles to the canons on the head of the creek next east of Spring Creek, and went into camp. The country traveled over after leaving the Sand hills that skirt the Platte River bottom is high rolling prairie, and produces no timbers and but very little grass.
Next morning, November 28, marched west nine miles and struck Spring Creek ten miles from its mouth thence down that stream to Republican River and up the Republican River seven miles and camped for the night.
Next morning, 29th, marched five miles west, forming junction with troops under command of Captain Majors. Returned direct to the mouth of Spring Creek marched up that stream eleven miles, and camped. Country passed over on last two days' march very much broken. Streams difficult to cross on account of steep banks and muddy bottom. Grass plentiful and on the streams wood in sufficient quantity to supply troops marching through the country.
On the morning of 30th marched north ten miles to the source of Spring Creek thence northeast twenty miles to Seventeen-Mile Point, on Platte River.
The troops at post during the month of November have been doing ordinary patrol, escort, fatigue, and guard duty. A part of the command have been building fortifications, and during the month have put up 800 square yards of sod and earth embankment. The extreme cold weather and the number of men required for wood-cutting has interfered with the work on the fort. I most respectfully request that work on the fort be suspended until spring, and that the engineer in charge be discharged. The wood detail (consisting of one commissioned officer and twenty-five enlisted men) are cutting wood on Grand Island, eighteen mile east of Fort kearny, and have put up 200 cords of wood, of which seventy-five cords have been delivered at post. The Platte River is at this season of the year difficult to cross. Wagon-
Page 845 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
masters have found it impossible to take more than half loads over. Mr. Wheatley, wood contractor, has delivered from fifty to seventy-five cords of wood only on his contract to supply the post with 200 cords. I respectfully ask that he be proceeded against for non-fulfillment of contract.
I have the honor to be, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
LEE. P. GILLETTE,
Captain, First Cav., Nebr. Vet Vols., Commanding Post.
Lieutenant F. A. McDONALD,
Actg. Asst. Adjt. General, Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska.
Numbers 7. Report of Lieutenant Charles Thompson, First Nebraska Cavalry, Acting Assistant Quartermaster.
EASTERN SUB-DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA TERRITORY,
Fort Kearny, December 2, 1864.
LIEUTENANT: In obedience to Special Orders, Numbers 22, dated headquarters Eastern Sub-District of Nebraska, November 13, 1864, I have the honor to submit the following report:
On receiving the order I proceeded immediately to the post at Plum Creek and examined at that place the quartermaster and commissary departments. Supplies for this post are forwarded from Fort Kearny, estimates for six months' supplies having been made and forwarded. The quarters for the troops are completed, but are not occupied on account of not being able to procure any stoves for heating and cooking purposes. The quarters are built without fireplaces. Requisitions my arrival at Plum Creek I wrote him, urging him to procure them at once, as the troops were in a suffering condition for want of them.
This post has a sufficient supply of hay secured for winter use. Fuel for the wants of this post can be procured five miles from the post, and is cut by the troops detailed for that purpose. There are three-six-mule teams at this post, which are used for hauling wood stores, and for post duty. Fresh beef is supplied by contractors, and is of fair quality.
Post of Mullahla's I found in a destitute condition in regard to supplies of fuel and hay. Fuel can be procured twelve miles from the post on Plum Creek, no stream to cross. Lieutenant M. A. Hance, First Nebraska Cavalry, and acting assistant quartermaster, informed me that if he could get a supply of axes he could get a detail of men to cut the wood, and as there is no teams at this post, proposed to press a train to haul it in when he should have a sufficient amount put up. The axes have been forwarded to him. There is on hand at this post about twenty-two tons of hay, but will require seventy-five tons more. I hired a Mr. Smith with his mowing machine to put up the amount required, but after having been at work a short time, the ground being frozen so hard,the machine broke and rendered it almost useless, and Mr. Smith was compelled to abandon the idea of cutting any more hay this season. There is no hay near this post that can be purchased. I wold respectfully call the attention of the commanding officer to this fact for his guidance in stationing mounted troops at this post. Supplies for this post are procured from Fort Kearny, and estimates of stores have been made.
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Post at Dan Smith's Station: The quarters for the troops at this post are completed and are in a comfortable condition. Stores are procured from Fort Cottonwood estimates for six months' supplied have been made and forwarded. There are twenty-eight tons of hay put up at this post, and it will be sufficient for the command now stationed there, provided it is issued in accordance with orders from sub-district headquarters. A sufficient amount of fuel is secured at this post for winter's use, and more can be procured six miles from the station. No team at this post. Hauling has been done by teams pressed for the purpose.
Post At Gillman's Station: Stores are procured from Fort Cottonwood estimates have been made for six months' supplied and forwarded. Quarters for the troops have been erected and are completed and in comfortable condition. Stabling for the horses are receiving repairs post for the present command during the winter. Fuel can be procured by the troops for the use of this post, having two six-mules teams for hauling purpose and can be obtained seven miles from the station. Fresh beef is supplied by contract under the direction of the commissary of subsistence at Fort Cottonwood, and is of good quality.
Fort Cottonwood: This post is the depot of supplies for the following-named posts: Dan Smith's Station, Gillman's Station, Fort Morrow, O'Fallon's Bluffs, Alkali Station, Beauvais Station, and Julesburg, and has ample stores room for supplies for twelve months. The quartermaster buildings are excellent and in good condition. At present they are greatly in need of quartermaster stores and clothing. Captain King, commissary of subsistence and acting assistant quartermaster, having made his estimates and forwarded them some time ago, has been informed that they are being filled and stores are now on the way. The supply of grain at this post is sufficient for this and the posts mentioned for two months and contract made for a further supply, not completed. The supply of hay already secured is sufficient for winter's use and is of good quality, Captain King having complied with instructions from district quartermaster's office instructing him to purchase all the hay in the vicinity of Fort Cottonwood. Arrangements are made to keep up the supply of fuel for the winter, having it cut by the troops and hauled by public and private transportation (of the latter four teams are hired). Sufficient fuel can be collected from three to seven miles from this post. There are five Government teams at this post for hauling wood and other post purposes. The stabling is only sufficient for the cavalry horses now stationed here, leaving the quartermaster's animals exposed to the weather. A sufficient number of logs, however, have been purchased to build a quartermaster stable-is in course of erection and will soon be completed. fresh beef is furnished this post by contract, is supplied when required, and is of good quality. Twenty-six wagon loads of subsistence stores are on the way from and left Omaha on the 15th ultimo. Fort Cottonwood is destitute of blacksmith's, wagon-maker's, and saddler's shops, not having been furnished with the necessary tools. Fort Cottonwood is destitute of blacksmith's, wagon maker's, and saddler's shop, not having been furnished with the necessary tools. Estimates have been made for them and as soon as received shops will be commenced, which are indispensable to this and dependent posts.
Fort Morrow: Troops at this station receive their supplies from Fort Cottonwood, the same as troops stationed at that place. Fuel can be procured at a short distance.
Fort O'Fallon's Bluff's is supplied from Fort Cottonwood. Quarters for troops and stabling are well arranged and in good condition. Full supply of hay secured 300 tons put up by contract awarded by dis-
Page 847 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
trict quartermaster. Supply of fuel arranged is cut by troops detailed and hauled by transportation hired distance, thirty miles. One six mule team for post service, &c., at this post. Tools for blacksmith and saddler shop complete and in good working order. Fresh beef supplied by contractor, Mr. John Morrow.
Post at Alkali receives supplied from Fort Cottonwood. Quarters for troops completed and in comfortable condition. Officers' quarters and quartermaster building will soon be completed. One thousand feet of lumber are required at this post to complete stables, quarters, &c., none being on hand at Fort Kearny. I gave the necessary order for it to be purchased and forwarded. Supply of hay for winter's use secured, having been purchased by contract. This post is destitute of fuel, having to haul it sixty miles. The commanding officer informed me that fuel could not be procured at present less than $47 a cord. I directed his quartermaster to procure a quantity at as low figures as possible and to watch for trains returning from the west empty, and by that means procure a supply for winter at reasonable rates. Four Government teams on hand for hauling supplies, &c. fresh beef supplies by Mr. Fales during the month of November. William Morrow having been awarded the contract to furnish all posts west of Fort Cottonwood, he will in future furnish fresh beef to this post.
Beauvais Station supplies from Fort Cottonwood. Sufficient supply of hay put up by Mr. Beauvais and gave necessary instructions for its purchase at $45 per ton. Fuel cannot be procured nearer than sixty miles. Mr. Beauvais having some five cords on hand, I gave instructions for it to be purchased at $45 per cord. Troops are stationed at the ranch of Mr. Beauvais and no Government buildings have been put up.
Julesburg: This post receives supplies from Fort Cottonwood, but an estimate was made direct on department quartermaster, which is now being filled and stores are on the way. The men's quarters at this post are not completed, one of the buildings not being covered the poles have to be hauled a distance of seventy-five and eighty miles. Captain O'Brien, Seventh Iowa Cavalry, is using every exertion to complete his quarters and stales and make them comfortable as soon as possible. Corn is supplied by contract and is promptly forwarded. A sufficient supply of hay is secured. Fuel cut by enlisted men and hauled by hired teams. Commanding officer can keep up a supply in this way. One post team on hand at the post. Fresh beef supplied by contractor, Mr. Morrow.
Post at Pawnee Ranch is supplied from Fort Kearny quarters and stables are comfortable and in good condition. Supply of hay secured. A sufficient supply of fuel is secured for this post, the commanding officer having promised the men that they should be paid for cutting the wood. They are anxious to know the price they will be allowed per cord, as their time of service expires on the 13th instant. Fuel is procured three miles from the station. No Government transportation at this post. Three private teams hired and paid by Captain S. H. Moer, assistant quartermaster, Omaha, Nebr. Ter. Fresh beef furnished by Contractor Beckwith and is of fair quality.
Little Blue Station receives supplies from Fort Kearny. Twenty-five tons of hay at this station and fifty-eight horses to be supplied. The amount is not sufficient to feed through the winter and I would suggest that when the troops at pawnee Ranch leave, a portion of the troops at Little Blue Station be ordered to that station. Supply of fuel can be procured within one mile of the post. Two private teams hired for post purposes. Quarters and stables completed and in good condition.
Page 848 LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI. Chapter LIII.
Junction Station receives supplies from Fort Kearny. Quarters and stables in good condition. Present supply of hay secured and should any more be required, can be purchased in the vicinity. No Government teams at the post private transportation hired.
Post at Columbus receives supplies direct from Omaha has a full supply of quartermaster and commissary stores. Hay and fuel secured. Quarters and stables erected and almost completed. Two government teams at the station.
Fort Kearny is the depot of supplies of the following posts: Mullahla's Station, Plum Creek, Pawnee Ranch, Little Blue Station, and Junction Station. The supply of stores at Fort Kearny is small, being entirely out of articles most needed. Estimates for stores have been made and forwarded for six months' supplied, but stores not yet received. A supply of hay has been obtained to last through the winter, and will allow of an issue of ten pounds to the ration. The contractors failed to fill the contract for the regular winter supply,and the above war procured by impressment and private purchase. A supply of fuel for two months for this post secured and arranged,but requires hauling. Private transportation will have to be hired for the purpose. A wood party of enlisted men are at present out cutting wood, distance from the fort sixteen miles. The post quartermaster has instructions to purchase wood, but as yet has not been able to obtain any. Laborers are scarce, and it is a difficult matter to get responsible persons to take contracts at this season unless at exorbitant rates. There are four six-mule teams at this post, used for hauling wood and other post purposes. Any transportation required outside the garrison, forwarding stores, &c., has to be hired from private sources. There is quite a number of old wagons at this post that can be repaired. The post quartermaster has been directed to procure material, &c., and make the necessary repairs as soon as possible. Hay and fuel for the supply of Fort Kearny is contracted for by Captain S. H. Moer, assistant quartermaster, District of Nebraska, at Omaha, Nebr. Ter. Contract for 250 tons of hay (and afterward increased 250 tons) was made with James S. Wheatley. Only 200 tons on this contract was delivered, and that was consumed as fast as received, leaving the post at Fort Kearny in the month of October without a ration of hay on hand. The consequence is that hay has to be taken from people who have put it up for the purpose of furnishing freighters during the winter and spring, and more than double the amount paid per ton for the hay that it could have been procured for int he summer, besides being of great inconvenience to the parties who are compelled to furnish it. Contracts for 200 cords of wood, and afterward increased 500 cords, made with James S. Wheatley by Captain S. H. Moer, assistant quartermaster. Only fifty cords on this contract have been delivered, leaving the garrison destitute of fuel, consequently it has to be procured at high rates, besides to the non-fulfillment of contracts, I would respectfully call attention to the opinion given by the Solicitor of the War Department, and promulgated in General Orders, Numbers 20, Quartermaster-General's Office, May 12, 1864. Non-performance of contracts has left this post in a most critical condition.
On examining the unserviceable and condemned animals at this post I found that eighty cavalry horses and seven mules had been submitted to the district inspector as unserviceable, and by him condemned and recommended to be sold report forwarded to department commander for approval but not yet returned. The above horses,eighty in number, with the exception of some four or five, have all been recently re-
Page 849 Chapter LIII. OPERATIONS IN NEBRASKA AND COLORADO.
ceived from the district quartermaster at Omaha, Nebr. Ter., and sent from that place as serviceable cavalry horses, being recently purchased and never used in the service. On the arrival of a large lot of the above company commanders having been notified that the animals were ready for issue as per their requisitions, refused to take them on the ground that they were not fit for cavalry horses and were unserviceable. A board of survey was immediately convened and the above number thrown out and pronounced as unserviceable. These horses have never seen any service, only traveling from Omaha to Fort Kearny, a distance of 215 miles, making slow marches. The animals were so poor that a number actually died on the road. Animals of such a class should not be purchases, as it is a great detriment to the interests of the Government and the public service in consuming forage, which is scarce and costly, and when wanted for the purpose they were purchased for are found totally unfit for use. Commanding officers at Fort Kearny and other posts in this sub-district are continually complaining of not receiving promptly quartermaster and commissary stores on estimates that have been forwarded in due season.
The posts at Forts Kearny and Cottonwood during the past three months have been very badly supplied, causing the troops to suffer more or less for the want of necessary clothing. In some cases for the want of boots men have been compelled to purchase moccasins, and other articles of clothing that have been worn out (on account of the large portion of fatigue duty to be performed in erecting and establishing new stations on the route) cannot be replaced for want of stores. The supply of commissary stores could not be kept up,and the troops in some instances could not procure the full rations, and this, when some of the men were working hard building quarters, procuring fuel, &c., and exposed to severe weather. On account of stores not having been forwarded promptly on estimates, and the store-houses being empty, quartermasters have been compelled to take stores from trains destined to posts west of here.
At Forts Kearny and Cottonwood, the store-rooms are good and sufficient of at least nine months' supplies for the respective and dependent posts, and I would respectfully ask, why stores estimated for have not been forwarded. Fresh beef is furnished Fort Kearny by Mr. Boyd, contractor is of good quality and delivered when required. Estimate of commissary and quartermaster stores, and of clothing, camp and garrison equipage for six months please find inclosed,* which please approve and forward to the proper officers. Estimates for six months' supplies have been made out and transmitted previously, and the amount forwarded on the estimate should be deducted from the accompanying. In my estimate of the 9th of October I asked for thirty-six mules teams. I would again respectfully urge that they be forwarded as soon as practicable, as they would be of vital importance and the greatest relief to the various posts of this sub-district in forwarding supplied, procuring fuel, &c.
Trusting that the stores asked for on the accompanying estimates will be forwarded promptly.
I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CHARLES THOMPSON,
Lieutenant, First Nebr. Cav. Vet. Vols., and A. A. Q. M., A. C. S.
Lieutenant F. A. McDONALD,
First Nebr. Cav. Vet. Vols., Actg. Asst. Adjt. General,
Eastern Sub-District, of Nebr. Ter., Fort Kearny.
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*Omitted as unimportant.
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54 R R-VOL XLI, PT I
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